The object of
choosing a star in this position was to avoid the difficulties which
would be introduced by refraction had the star occupied any other
place in the heavens than that directly overhead.
We are still able to identify the very spot on which the telescope
stood which was used in this memorable research. It was erected at
the house then occupied by Molyneux, on the western extremity of Kew
Green. The focal length was 24 feet 3 inches, and the eye-glass was
3 and a half feet above the ground floor. The instrument was first
set up on November 26th, 1725. If there had been any appreciable
disturbance in the place of Beta Draconis in consequence of the
movement of the earth around the sun, the star must appear to have
the smallest latitude when in conjunction with the sun, and the
greatest when in opposition. The star passed the meridian at noon in
December, and its position was particularly noticed by Molyneux on
the third of that month. Any perceptible displacement by
parallax--for so the apparent change in position, due to the earth's
motion, is called--would would have made the star shift towards the
north. Bradley, however, when observing it on the 17th, was
surprised to find that the apparent place of the star, so far from
shifting towards the north, as they had perhaps hoped it would, was
found to lie a little more to the south than when it was observed
before. He took extreme care to be sure that there was no mistake in
his observation, and, true astronomer as he was, he scrutinized with
the utmost minuteness all the circumstances of the adjustment of his
instruments. Still the star went to the south, and it continued so
advancing in the same direction until the following March, by which
time it had moved no less than twenty seconds south from the place
which it occupied when the first observation was made. After a brief
pause, in which no apparent movement was perceptible, the star by the
middle of April appeared to be returning to the north. Early in June
it reached the same distance from the zenith which it had in
December. By September the star was as much as thirty-nine seconds
more to the north than it had been in March, then it returned towards
the south, regaining in December the same situation which it had
occupied twelve months before.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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