Buffalo, 207-226 settlement of, 207, 208 named, 209 Erie Canal, 210 lake port, 211 importance of location, 212 trade with Canada, 212 manufacturing center, 213 Niagara power, 213, 216, 224-225 iron industry, 214 flour mills, 216 important live-stock market, 217 important lumber market, 217 harbor, 221 Buffalo River, 207, 221 Bulfinch, Charles, 111 Cadillac, Antoine de la Mothe, 191 Calumet River, 56 Cambridge, 116, 117, 131, 133 Carnegie, Andrew, 184 Carnegie Steel Company, 175 Centennial Exhibition, 75 Charles River, 116 Chicago, 41-66, 180 fire of 1871, 41 settlement of, 43 harbor, 45, 56, 57 becomes a city, 46 important railroad center, 54 greatest lake port, 54 grain market, 55 steel industry, 56 largest lumber market, 57 exports, 57 center of packing industry, 61 Pullman, 62 Chicago drainage and ship canal, 54 Chicago River, 41, 43, 45, 53, 54, 57 Civil War, 247 Cleaveland, General Moses, 137 Cleveland, 137-154, 180 settlement of, 137 harbor, 141 becomes a city, 142 industries, 142, 143, 148 importance of location, 148 manufacturing center, 148 largest ore market in the world, 148 center of shipbuilding, 148 important lake port, 153 Cleveland, Grover, 224 Clinton, De Witt, 209 Coal, 56, 70, 100, 142, 172, 175, 213, 214, 215, 257 Coal mines, 175 Commerce, foreign, 35, 57, 121, 231, 259 Cotton, 257, 258, 261 Croton River, 18 Custis, Martha, 294 Cuyahoga River, 137, 138, 140, 141, 145 Declaration of Independence, 8, 85 Delaware River, 67, 68, 69 de Portolá, Don Gaspar, 227 Des Plaines River, 53 Detroit, 139, 189-206 leading port on Canadian shore, 189, 199 founded, 191 early history, 191 growth, 192 trade center, 194 harbor, 195 shipbuilding industry, 195 becomes industrial city, 196 center of automobile trade, 196 industries, 197 immense wholesale trade, 198 railroad center, 200 Detroit River, 191, 200, 205 District of Columbia, 267, 288, 289 Doan, Nathaniel, 139 Dutch West India Company, 5 East River, 27, 36 East St. Louis, 98 Erie Canal, 9, 193, 209, 210, 212 Exports, value of, 301 Fall River, 121 Farragut, David, 248 Fillmore, Millard, 224 Fish industry, 121, 239 Fitch, John, 72 Fort Dearborn, 44 Fort McHenry, 169 Fort Myer, 294 Fort Pitt, 171 Foreign-born population, 300 Franklin, Benjamin, 73, 84 French and Indian War, 171, 191, 245 Fulton, Robert, 72 Girard, Stephen, 79 Gold, 227 Golden Gate, 231, 241 Grain industry, 55, 102 Granite City, 98 Gunpowder River, 163 Hale, Edward Everett, 130 _Half Moon_, 3 Hancock, John, 124 Homestead, 173 Hudson, Henry, 4 Hudson River, 4, 30, 35, 36, 207, 209, 210 Hull, General William, 192 Illinois and Michigan Canal, 47