Hardly less interesting than the Falls are the power plants on both sides of the river, which are making the force of Niagara do a mighty work. It has been reckoned that the volume of water which passes over the Falls is two hundred and sixty-five thousand cubic feet each second. Think of it! This tremendous rush of water, the experts tell us, represents five million horse power. To make this gigantic power of use to man, canals have been built above the Falls to bring water from the river to the power houses where its great force turns huge water wheels and produces electric power. Cables of copper wire raised high in the air carry this power to all the surrounding country. It runs many of Buffalo's factories, lights the city streets, and moves its trolley cars as well as those in Syracuse, one hundred and fifty miles away. Such then, with its wonderful power, its command of material, its beautiful and important location, is the Buffalo of to-day. The little settlement of one hundred years ago has become the eleventh city in size in the United States. =BUFFALO= FACTS TO REMEMBER Population (1920), over 500,000 (506,775). Eleventh city according to population. Important lake port. One of the best harbors on the Great Lakes. Located at the western end of the Erie Canal. Great transfer point between lake boats and canal boats and railroads. Important railroad center. Center for live-stock trade. Important center for wheat, lumber, meat packing, and the iron and steel industries. Electric light and power obtained from Niagara Falls. QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW AND STUDY 1. How did it happen that the people of New York first came to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains, and where were these first settlements? 2. Tell about the beginning of Buffalo, and give its original name. 3. What was the first route from Albany to Buffalo, and why was it used? How was the journey made between 1811 and 1825? 4. Tell the story of the Erie Canal, and give its effect on Buffalo and the West. 5. How did Buffalo's location make it one of the great centers of industry? 6. What three things are necessary to success in manufacturing? 7. How is Buffalo furnished with power for her great manufacturing interests? 8. Where does Buffalo find a market for her products? How? 9. What great steel company is located near this city? Why? 10. Describe the wonderful coke ovens and blast furnaces near Buffalo. 11. Give some idea of Buffalo's flour mills, slaughter houses, and lumber yards, and of her importance in these industries. 12. What do you know of Niagara Falls and the power plants on both sides of the Niagara River? SAN FRANCISCO