Great leaders: Historic portraits from the great historians
History
Great leaders: Historic portraits from the great historians
Biography
This inflexible spirit of Pizarro was shown still more strongly when, in
the little island of Gallo, he drew the line on the sand which was to
separate him and his handful of followers from their country and from
civilized man. He trusted that his own constancy would give strength to
the feeble, and rally brave hearts around him for the prosecution of his
enterprise. He looked with confidence to the future, and he did not
miscalculate. This was heroic, and wanted only a nobler motive for its
object to constitute the true moral sublime.
Yet the same feature in his character was displayed in a manner scarcely
less remarkable when, landing on the coast, and ascertaining the real
strength and civilization of the Incas, he persisted in marching into
the interior at the head of a force of less than two hundred men. In
this he undoubtedly proposed to himself the example of Cortés, so
contagious to the adventurous spirits of that day, and especially to
Pizarro, engaged as he was in a similar enterprise. Yet the hazard
assumed by Pizarro was far greater than that of the conqueror of Mexico,
whose force was nearly three times as large, while the terrors of the
Inca name--however justified by the result--were as widely spread as
those of the Aztecs.
It was, doubtless, in imitation of the same captivating model that
Pizarro planned the seizure of Atahualpa. But the situations of the two
Spanish captains were as dissimilar as the manner in which their acts
of violence were conducted. The wanton massacre of the Peruvians
resembled that perpetrated by Alvarado in Mexico, and might have been
attended with consequences as disastrous if the Peruvian character had
been as fierce as that of the Aztecs. But the blow which roused the
latter to madness broke the tamer spirits of the Peruvians. It was a
bold stroke, which left so much to chance that it scarcely merited the
name of policy.
When Pizarro landed in the country, he found it distracted by a contest
for the crown. It would seem to have been for his interest to play off
one party against the other, throwing his own weight into the scale that
suited him. Instead of this, he resorted to an act of audacious violence
which crushed them both at a blow. His subsequent career afforded no
scope for the profound policy displayed by Cortés, when he gathered
conflicting nations under his banner and directed them against a common
foe. Still less did he have the opportunity of displaying the tactics
and admirable strategy of his rival. Cortés conducted his military
operations on the scientific principles of a great captain at the head
of a powerful host. Pizarro appears only as an adventurer, a fortunate
knight-errant. By one bold stroke he broke the spell which had so long
held the land under the dominion of the Incas. The spell was broken, and
the airy fabric of their empire, built on the superstition of ages,
vanished at a touch. This was good fortune, rather than the result of
policy.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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