Great Zimbabwe, Mashonaland, Rhodesia: An account of two years' examination work in 1902-4 on behalf of the government of RhodesiaHall, R. N. (Richard Nicklin)
History
Great Zimbabwe, Mashonaland, Rhodesia: An account of two years' examination work in 1902-4 on behalf of the government of Rhodesia
Hall, R. N. (Richard Nicklin)
Great Zimbabwe (Extinct city); Zimbabwe -- Antiquities
Included in the finds of iron articles was a well-made _iron spoon_
with a long handle squared at the end. This was found among the Arab
belongings in Renders Ruins, also an _iron spearhead_ (Pl. II., fig.
16) with peculiarly designed spaces in its edges as if for inflicting
a more than usually serious wound. An _ornamented spearhead_ (Pl. II.,
fig. 15) with its point decorated with bead-like bevels diminishing in
size from base to point. An _iron lamp-stand_ (PI. II., figs. 17 and
18) with eight bent-up arms (with which was found 12 ft. of fine copper
chain in lengths of about 18 in. with pottery affixed at intervals) was
also found with the Arab articles.
_Iron bangles_, both solid and of wire-work, are found on upper floors
in the black surface mould and among grass roots. Some of these must
be exceedingly old, and in the wire bangles the fibre or zebra hair
(this, in some instances, being found intact), round which the wire
was twisted, has completely disappeared. In many instances some traces
more or less distinct of the fibre or hair still remained. Twisted
iron wire-work, evidently imported wholesale, has been found at one
spot only, and in great quantities in the form of coils, and not cut up
into lengths for use as bangles. The coils, which are now fused, must
have contained very many feet of this twisted wire. The same applies to
coils of twisted brass wire in large coils found also at the same spot,
which, as is shown later, was evidently an old Arab trading station.
_Iron nails_ (Pl. II., figs. 2 and 4) are not limited to any particular
floor, and are found almost everywhere in the ruins. But these vary
considerably in make. The oldest form of nail and the best designed
is that found at greatest depth. This is wedge-shape headed. Another
form of exceedingly old class of nails is that where the head is formed
by doubling the nail back for about half an inch. But the head is not
welded, the bottom part of the bent-back portion being slightly tapered
where it meets the side of the nail. These nails in several instances
were made difficult of extraction from the wood by being barbed and
notched, and in some cases, especially of a rivet class of smaller
nails, the nails, when the iron was hot, were twisted in the centre
only, and a rude sort of screw was thus made with protruding edges.
It can be seen that several twisting operations were required to form
these spiral bandings, and that these separate twistings do not connect
together as in a perfect screw. The larger nails are from 4 in. to 6
in. long, the rivet class varying from 1½ in. to 4 in.
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