A different Babylonian mythological text from the library of
Assurbanipal speaks of another battle waged {183} by Marduk against
Labbu, a male monster imagined mainly as a huge snake; and Marduk is
described as descending to the conflict in clouds and
lightning:[183.1] the legend has no obvious significance for
cosmogony, for it places the event after the creation of the world and
of men and cities. But it has this interest for us, that it may be the
prototype for the legend of Zeus’ struggle with Typhoeus, which is
known to Homer, and which he places in the country of the Arimoi,
regarded by many of the ancient interpreters, including Pindar, as
Cilicia.[183.2] Now, the story of this conflict in Hesiod’s theogony
has no connections with the Titanomachy or the Gigantomachy, nor is it
there linked by any device to any known Hellenic myth; nor is it
derived, like the legend of Apollo and Python, from genuine Hellenic
cult-history. It has an alien air and character. Typhoeus is on the
whole regarded as a monstrous dragon, but one of his voices is that of
a lion, another that of a bull. The resemblance of this narrative to
the Babylonian one just mentioned is striking, and becomes all the
more salient when we compare certain Babylonian cylinders which
picture Marduk in combat with a monster, sometimes of serpent form,
sometimes with the body of a lion or a bull.[183.3] The
Typhoeus-legend belongs also essentially to the Asia-Minor shores, and
if Cilicia was really the country whence it came to the knowledge of
the Homeric Greeks, it is a significant fact that it was just this
corner of the Asia-Minor coast that felt the arms of the earliest
Assyrian conquerors in the fourteenth century B.C.; and it is just
such myths that travel fast and far.
{184}
If the hypothesis of Assyrian origin is reasonable here, many will
regard it as still more reasonable in regard to the Deukalion
flood-story. Certain details in it remind us, no doubt, of the
Babylonian flood-myth; and as this latter was far diffused through
Asia Minor, it was quite easy for it to wander across the Aegean and
touch Hellas. But if it did, we have no indication that it reached the
Hellenes in the early period with which we are here concerned, as
Hesiod is our earliest authority for it.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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