In fact, it is only in the latest periods that we find in Hellas an
individual personal religion approaching the Babylonian in intensity.
The older cult was communal and tribal rather than personal; even the
household gods, such as Zeus Κτήσιος and Ἑρκεῖος, the gods of the
closet and storehouse, the hearth-goddess, were shared by the
householder in common with the nearest circle of kindred. These cults
were partly utilitarian, and the moral emotion that they quickened was
the emotion of kinship: they do not appear to have inspired a high
personal and emotional faith and trust. Nor usually had the average
Hellene of the {195} earlier period the conception of a personal
tutelary divinity who brought him to life, and watched over his
course, preserving, rebuking, and interceding for him. The Babylonian
fancy of the great king sitting in infancy on the lap of the goddess
and drinking milk from her breasts would not commend itself to the
religious sense in Greece.
In Mesopotamia and in the other Semitic communities the fashion of
naming a child after the high god or goddess was very common--commoner
I am inclined to think than in Hellas, though in the latter country
such names as Demetrios, Apollodoros, Zenon, Diogenes, point to the
same religious impulse; but they appear to have arisen only in the
later period. The Hellenic language did not admit, and Hellenic
thought would not have approved of, those mystic divine names, which
express as in a sacred text some quality or action of the divinity,
such as we find in the Bible (“the Lord will provide”), and in
pre-Islamitic inscriptions of Arabia, Ili-kariba, “My God hath
blessed”; Ili-azza, “My God is mighty”; Ili-padaja, “My God hath
redeemed.”[195.1] Such names served as spells for the protection of
the child, and are speaking illustrations of the close personal
dependence of the individual upon the god.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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