We might find other coincidences in detail between Hellenic and
Assyrian ritual, such as the purificatory employment of salt, onions,
and the sacrificial skin of the animal-victim.[286.5] One of the most
interesting phenomena presented by the cathartic law of old Babylonia
{287} is a rule that possessed an obvious moral value; we find,
namely, on one of the cylinders of Gudea, that during the period when
Gudea was purifying the city the master must not strike the slave, and
no action at law must be brought against any one; for seven days
perfect equality reigned, no bad word was uttered, the widow and the
orphan went free from wrong.[287.1] The conception underlying this
rule is intelligible: all quarrelling and oppression, being often
accompanied with bloodshed and death, disturbs the general purity
which is desired to prevail; and I have indicated elsewhere a similar
law regulating the conduct of the Eleusinian mysteries and the
Dionysiac festival at Athens, both ceremonies of cathartic
value,[287.2] and I have pointed out a similar ordinance observed
recently by a North-American Indian tribe, and formerly by the
Peruvians; to these instances may be added the statement by
Livy,[287.3] that in the Roman “lectisternia,” when a table with
offerings was laid before the gods, no quarrelling was allowed and
prisoners were released, and the historian gives to the institution of
the lectisternia a piacular significance.
We must also bear in mind certain striking differences between the
Hellenic and the Babylonian cathartic systems. In certain
purification-ceremonies of Hellas, those in which the homicide was
purged from his stain, the washing with the blood of the piacular
victim was the most potent means of grace.[287.4] We may find
analogies in Vedic, Roman, and Hebraic ritual, but hitherto none have
been presented by the religious documents {288} of Babylon, where, as
has been already pointed out, scarcely any mystic use appears to have
been made of the blood of the victim.[288.1] Again, the Babylonian
purification included the confession of sins, a purgation unknown and
apparently unnatural to the Hellene;[288.2] and generally the
Babylonian, while most of its methods, like the Hellenic, are modes of
transference or physical riddance of impurity, had a higher spiritual
and religious significance; for it includes lamentations for sin and
prayers to the divinity that are not mentioned in the record of any
Greek “katharsis.”
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