[205.2] _Vide_ Jeremias, _Hölle und Paradies_, p. 30; cf. King, _Bab. Rel._, p. 46--formula for laying a troubled and dangerous ghost--“let him depart into the west; to Nedu, the Chief Porter of the Underworld, I consign him.” The west was suggested to the Hellene because of the natural associations of the setting sun; to the Babylonian, perhaps, according to Jeremias, _op. cit._, p. 19, because the desert west of Babylon was associated with death and demons. [205.3] The “waters of death” figure in the Epic of Gilgamesh, _e.g._ King, _op. cit._, p. 169. [205.4] _Vide_ inscr. of Sargon II. in _Keil. Bibl._, ii. 2, pp. 75-77, 79: “Ea, Sin, Shamash, Nabu, Ramman, Ninib, and their benign spouses, who were rightfully born on Iharsaggalkurkurra, the Mountain of the Underworld.” [206.1] Passage in “The Descent of Ishtar,” Jeremias, _op. cit._, p. 20. [206.2] King, _op. cit._, pp. 45-46. [208.1] _Vide_ Langdon, _op. cit._ [209.1] Cook, _Religion of Ancient Palestine_, p. 36. [209.2] _Vide_ Langdon, _op. cit._ [209.3] _Vide_ Prof. Margoliouth’s article on “Ancestor-worship” in Hastings’ _Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics_. [210.1] King’s translation in _Babyl. Relig._, pp. 48-49. Cf. Jeremias, _Hölle u. Paradies_, p. 12. [211.1] Cook, _The Religion of Ancient Palestine_, p. 35. [211.2] _E.g._ Eur. _Troad._, 1085, σὺ μὲν φθίμενος ἀλαίνεις ἄθαπτος, ἄνυδρος. [212.1] Langdon, _op. cit._ [212.2] King, _op. cit._, p. 176. [212.3] Thureau-Dangin, _Les cylindres de Goudéa_, p. 57: Les héros morts leur bouche auprès d’une fontaine il plaça. [212.4] Winckler, _op. cit._, p. 41. [212.5] Jeremias, _op. cit._, p. 15. [213.1] _E.g._ Peiser, _Sketch of Babylonian Society_, in the Smithsonian Institute, 1898, p. 586, speaks as if it was ancestor-worship that held the Babylonian family together. [213.2] _Vide_ my article on “Hero-worship” in _Hibbert Journal_, 1909, p. 417. [214.1] V. Landau, _Phönizische Inschr._, p. 15. [214.2] Jeremias, _Hölle u. Paradies_, p. 37. [215.1] It would be idle for my purpose to distinguish between the so-called “Achaean” and “Pelasgian” elements in the Homeric Νέκυια; even if the latter ethnic term was of any present value for Greek religion. [215.2] Hesiod, Ἔργ. 110-170 (the men of the golden and the silver ages and the heroes). [216.1] _Vide_ Zimmern in _K.A.T._3, pp. 636-639; Jeremias, _Hölle u. Paradies_, p. 25; cf. his _Die Babyl. Assyr. Vorstellungen rom. Leben nach dem Tode_. [216.2] _Vide supra_, p. 160. [216.3] Zimmern, _op. cit._, p. 520; King, _op. cit._, p. 188. [217.1] King, _op. cit._, p. 138. [217.2] Lagrange, _Études sur les religions sémitiques_, p. 493. [218.1] Cf. _Keil. Bibl._, ii. 109; Jeremias, _Hölle u. Paradies_, pp. 13-14. [219.1] Jastrow, _op. cit._, pp. 472-473. [219.2] _Ib._, p. 473. [219.3] _Ib._, p. 472. [219.4] Zimmern in _Sitzungsber. d. Kön. Sächs. Gesell. Wiss._ 1907, “Sumerisch-Babylonische Tanzlieder,” p. 220.