Our indications are slight and dim; but the poet of the _Odyssey_
seems to be aware that an ὀμφή or oracular deliverance might be used
to dethrone a royal dynasty.[137.1] The dedication of a tithe of the
captives taken in war to Apollo was a custom connected with the
earliest settlements and migration, for Apollo disposed of his
captives by colonising them on some vacant land. The practice appears
to have been a very early one, for this is the legend of the
pre-Dorian settlement of the Dryopes in the Peloponnese;[137.2] also
there is evidence for the institution in pre-historic Greece of that
religious system of colonisation which the Latins called the Ver
Sacrum.[137.3] In fact, the religion of Apollo, especially the common
worship of Apollo Πυθαεύς, served more than any other cult as a bond
of connection between the independent communities already--I
believe--in pre-Homeric days; and to this earliest epoch may belong
that interesting ritual of the Hyperborean offerings brought by
sacrosanct Hellenic pilgrims down from the north along the primeval
routes of the Aryan immigration.[137.4]
{138}
The narrower systems of family and phratry tell the same story of the
constructive power of religion. The primitive grouping into septs and
phratries and tribal subdivisions, of which the traces are not yet
discovered in the civilisation of Babylon, has left its deep imprint
on historic Greek society; and religion is intimately interwoven with
the domestic and phratric cults, not only in that these are much
concerned with worship of heroes and ancestors, but that the high
divinities also, Zeus Φράτριος, Athena Φρατρία and Ἀπατουρία, take
these institutions under their charge. Hence all adoptions and
admissions of new members into the phratry had to be performed at the
altar. The marriage ceremony was a religious ritual--in Attica, at
least, a religious communion like the Roman Confarreatio,[138.1] and
the mutual duties of parents and children, kinsmen and tribesmen, were
consecrated by the early ideas concerning the divine nature.[138.2]
A festival such as the Ἀπατούρια, instituted to cement a social
organisation, and to all appearances of great antiquity, has nothing
like it in the Babylonian festival calendar, so far as I am aware; and
again, to the many political and social titles of the Hellenic
divinities such as Πολιεύς, Ἀγοραῖος, Πάνδημος, Βουλαῖος, it would be
hard to find parallels in the cult-terminology of Babylon.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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