Sparta never forgot and never forgave. In 399 Agis led an army against
Elis, nominally to force Elis to acknowledge the independence of the
Arcadian and Triphylian towns, in reality to wreak vengeance for her
conduct during the Peloponnesian war. Agis had also a recent and more
personal grievance. Having gone to Olympia to consult the oracle, he had
been refused an answer by the Eleans, who invoked an ancient canon
forbidding oracles to be given to Greeks engaged in war against Greeks.
This time their sanctity could not save them. Frightened away the first
year by a providential earthquake,[205] Agis returned in the following
summer, and, reinforced by the Triphylian towns, advanced to Olympia,
where he offered the sacrifice which had been forbidden before. He then
marched through the rich plains of Elis, the plunder of which attracted
to his standard numerous Arcadian and Achaean volunteers. In spite of
assistance from Xenias and the oligarchical party he failed to take the
city, but finally, by occupying a fortified post on the border and
ravaging the country, he reduced the Eleans to complete submission. They
were forced to raze their fortifications, surrender their harbour, and
acknowledge the independence of all the towns of Arcadia and Triphylia.
Only the presidency of the Olympic festival was left to them, for,
though the Pisatans claimed it as having belonged to them originally,
the Spartans refused to acknowledge their claim, considering, says
Xenophon, that they were country bumpkins, and incapable of exercising
the presidency, a remarkable testimony to the efficiency of the Elean
administration.[206]
The effects of this humiliation were seen in the scandals which
disgraced the following Olympiads. The prestige of the festival itself
must have suffered. In the next Olympiad, 396 B.C., the competition was
so reduced that no less than six events were won by Eleans.[207]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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