Though, as we have said above, athletics were largely neglected by the
upper classes, we still as at all times find a few notable exceptions.
Such were Aratus, who, though his only victory at Olympia was in the
chariot-race, is stated to have won various successes in the pentathlon,
the competition which appealed least to professionals; on the other
hand, the other great general of the Achaean league, Philopoemen, would
have nothing to do with athletics, and even forbade his soldiers to take
part in training which only unfitted them for the hardships of a
campaign. Another notable pentathlete was Gorgus of Messene, who won
considerable renown as a statesman and was sent as ambassador to Philip
III. of Macedon. Besides the pentathlon he won the diaulos and the race
in armour.
The falling off in competition and the growth of professionalism are
shown by the number of men who won victories in more than one event at
the same festival. Philinus of Cos, who won the stadium race in Ols.
129, 130, is credited with three other victories at Olympia, four in the
Pythia, four in the Nemea, and eleven in the Isthmia—twenty-four in all.
A still finer record is that of Leonidas of Rhodes, who won all four
foot-races in three successive Olympiads 164-156 B.C., thus three times
earning the title of τριαστής or triple victor given to those who won
the stade-race, diaulos, and dolichos. Besides the professional runner,
we have the professional fighter represented by the successors of
Heracles already alluded to, with regard to whom we may add that with
the exception of Caprus of Elis all holders of the title came from the
East. The successors of Heracles are further honoured with the title of
παράδοξος or παραδοξονίκης, and in the second century we find for the
first time in Olympic inscriptions the term περίοδος or περιοδονίκης
used of those who won victories in all the four great festivals which
formed the athletic cycle or period. Such terms suggest the age of
athletic “records” which was to come under the Romans.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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