In the light of later inscriptions it seems probable that the last four
events, if not all six, were confined to Athenian competitors. In this
case there must have been other events open to all comers. The
introduction of local events of a military type was undoubtedly due to
the development of Athenian cavalry in the latter part of the fifth
century. According to Photius the war-horse was not really a horse used
for war, but merely one equipped as for war in competitions. It is just
possible that in the second century the race for war-horses had become a
purely artificial event and the war-horse had then as little practical
value as the Athenian hoplite of that time. But we can hardly suppose
that this was the case in the fourth century, when Athens still
possessed a real army. Every Athenian of the first two classes was bound
to provide a horse for military service, and the races for war-horses
must have been introduced in order to encourage cavalry training, just
as the hoplite race had been intended for the benefit of the heavy-armed
infantry. But the war-horse was not the same type of animal as the
highly-trained and expensive race-horse, and the difference is marked in
the amount of the prizes. The team of war-horses receives only 30
amphorae, the team of race-horses 140. The same difference exists in the
present day between the prizes given at military or hunt steeple-chases,
and those given for race-horses. Still smaller are the prizes for the
processional chariots. In this event the chariots and horses may
possibly have been provided by the State.
We do not know how many events constituted the full programme in the
fourth century; an inscription of the second century enumerates
twenty-four events, and another, which is incomplete, contained at least
as many.[406] It is possible that on these occasions the programme was
exceptionally elaborate, owing to the presence of kings and other
distinguished visitors at the festival. Certainly the inscriptions prove
that at this period the programme varied considerably from time to time.
On one occasion, when four sons of King Attalus were present, it appears
that there were three if not four chariot-races for their benefit. Three
of their names appear as victors in the chariot-race; the name of the
fourth also occurs, but the inscription is here broken, and the name of
the event which he won is lost. Still, making allowance for such
circumstances, we can form a fairly accurate idea of the programme as it
existed at this time and probably also in the fourth century.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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