The athletic programme contains the seven ordinary competitions—the dolichos, stade-race, diaulos, wrestling, boxing, pankration, and the race in armour—and in addition certain military competitions, hoplomachia, and javelin-throwing. The hoplomachia, which must have been somewhat similar to our fencing or bayonet competitions, was of two sorts: one with the hoplite’s round shield and spear, ἐν ἀσπιδίῳ καὶ δόρατι; the other with the oblong target and sword of the light-armed soldier, ἐν θυρεῷ καὶ μαχαίρα. There are no less than five different classes for these events: there were competitions for boys of the first, second, and third age, open competitions for boys (ἑκ πάντων), and competitions for men. The two younger classes of boys were excluded from the long race, but all classes took part in the five following events. The race in armour was confined to men, javelin throwing to epheboi. The hoplomachia was open to three classes of boys, and to the epheboi. The boys’ open competitions and the men’s were open to foreign competitors, though few appear to have been successful;[432] the other competitions were confined to the youth of Athens. The equestrian events are similar in character. A chariot race is only mentioned in one inscription, and there the reference is possibly to an apobates race. The rest of the events are horse-races. There is one race apparently with race-horses (λάμπρῳ ἵππῳ), the rest are military races, either for officers or for men, over the single or the double course. Lastly, there is an open competition (ἐκ πάντων), and javelin throwing on horseback. Not a single foreigner occurs among the names of the victors; but it must not be forgotten how extremely fragmentary is our information. At the Epitaphia which followed the Thesea there were further competitions, torch-races and military displays. We hear in particular of a race in heavy armour, in which the epheboi ran, starting from the Polyandreum in the Cerameicus. Footnote 381: The following section is taken chiefly from A. Mommsen’s _Feste der Stadt Athen_. Footnote 382: _O._ ix. 89, xiii. 110; _I._ viii. 79. Footnote 383: _O._ ix.; _I._ 1. Footnote 384: Athen. 495 F. Footnote 385: _Vide_ p. 296. Footnote 386: _I.G._ ii. 466, 468, 470, 471. Footnote 387: _I.G._ iii. 1160. Footnote 388: _N._ ii. 23. Footnote 389: _Op. cit._ p. 153. Footnote 390: _e.g._ Priene, _Priene Inschriften_, 5; a decree of the people of Priene not later than 326 B.C. for the sending of two Theoroi to Athens with a panoplia. Similarly Colophon 306 B.C., _I.G._ ii. 164, ii. 5. Footnote 391: Suidas, ii. 2, p. 1691. Footnote 392: _Pericles_, 13. Footnote 393: Schol. to Pindar, _P._ xii. Footnote 394: _B.M. Vases_, B. 139, 141; cp. _Berl. Vas._ 1873. Footnote 395: iii. 56. Footnote 396: _I.G._ ii. 965. Footnote 397: _I.G._ ii. 2758. Footnote 398: Pollux, iv. 83. Footnote 399: