_Gym._ 32 οἷον πτερούμενοι ὑπὸ τῶν χειρῶν. Winged figures are very frequent in early Greek art: a very beautiful later representation of a winged runner occurs on a r.-f. vase published in _B.C.H._, 1899, p. 158. Footnote 498: _Practical Track and Field Athletics_, by John Graham and Ellery H. Clark (D. Nutt), p. 24. A photograph of two runners (Pl. vi.) taken in an actual race bears a striking resemblance to the pictures on Greek vases. Footnote 499: _C.R._, 1876, Pl. i. Footnote 500: _National Museum_, 761. Footnote 501: _Mon. d. I._ X. 48 h, 15. Footnote 502: _Tusc. Disp._ ii. 23. Footnote 503: _Anacharsis_ 27. Footnote 504: Krause, _Gym._ p. 379. Footnote 505: Xen. _Anab._ iv. 8, 27. The Damonon inscription records the successes of Damonon and his son in local festivals. Damonon won many victories in the stade and diaulos; his son twice won the stade, the diaulos and the long race on the same day. The inscription is a good proof of the athletic ability of the Spartans in the fifth century; specialization in athletics found no favour at Sparta, _B.S.A._ xiii. 179. Footnote 506: _Anth. Plan._ iv. 54; Pausanias, iii. 21. Footnote 507: Philostr. _Gym._ 23. Footnote 508: Diodor. Sic. xiv. 11. Footnote 509: Jul. Africanus, Ol. 113; _I.G._ iv. 1349. Footnote 510: Artemidor. i. 63; Plutarch, _Quaest. Symp._ ii. 5; Pausanias, iii. 14, 3; Philostr. _Gym._ 7; Heliodor. _Aeth._ iv. Footnote 511: For a full discussion of the armed race _vide_ _J.H.S._ xxiii. p. 280 ff. On vases this race is frequently connected with boxing and the pankration, the events which probably preceded it in the programme. _Vide_ Figs. 54, 151. Footnote 512: Phil. _Gym._ 8, 24. I have already pointed out that Philostratus is somewhat credulous, and too much inclined to accept without investigation the tales poured into his ears by the authorities at Elis and elsewhere. It was the fashion in his time to exaggerate the Spartan severity of Greek athletics. Footnote 513: For Nemea _vide_ Philostratus, _l.c._; for Olympia, Paus. ii. 11, 8; for Athens Aristoph. _Av._ 291, and Scholiast. Footnote 514: Paus. v. 12, 8; vi. 10, 4. Footnote 515: Hauser, _Jahrb._, 1895, p. 199. Footnote 516: _B.M. Vases_, E. 22; Gerh. _A. V._ 258, 1. Footnote 517: _Theb._ vi. 587. Footnote 518: _Av._ 291. Footnote 519: _J.H.S._ _l.c._ pp. 284-287. Footnote 520: _J.H.S._ _l.c._ pp. 282-284. The argument which I drew from the use of the epithet ποικίλοι in the passage of Philostratus must be abandoned. Dr. Jüthner’s recent edition of the _Gymnastik_ proves that there is no authority for this reading; he himself suggests πάλαιοι. The general conclusions drawn in my article are not really affected by the change. Footnote 521: P. 228. Footnote 522: Aristophanes, _Ran._ 1087; _Lysistr._ 1002. Footnote 523: _I.G._ ii. 444, 446. Footnote 524: _Vesp._ 1203.