The multiplication of athletic festivals and the valuable prizes offered
at them must have been a source of no small profit to the successful
athlete. The victor at the Panhellenic games, it is true, received no
other reward from the authorities than the wreath of leaves;[87] but at
the lesser festivals, where he would be a welcome and an honoured guest,
he was sure of a rich harvest of prizes. Moreover, he received
substantial rewards at the hands of his grateful fellow-citizens. For in
these games the individual was regarded as the representative of his
state: the herald who proclaimed his victory proclaimed, too, the name
of his state, and in his success the whole state shared and rejoiced.
Hence we can understand the righteous indignation of the people of
Croton in Ol. 75, when their famous fellow-countryman, Astylus, who had
already won the stade-race and the diaulos in two successive Olympiads,
on the third occasion entered himself as a Syracusan in order to
ingratiate himself with the tyrant Hieron. Such an act was felt to be
almost a sacrilege, and the Crotoniats in their wrath destroyed the
statue of Astylus, which they had erected in the precinct of Lacinian
Hera, and converted his house, perhaps the house which they had given
him, into a common prison.[88]
The representative character of the Panhellenic athlete and the
connexion of the games with the national religion explain the honours
paid to him by his fellow-citizens.[89] His homecoming was an occasion
of public rejoicing. The whole city turned out to welcome him and escort
him in triumph to his home and to the chief temples of the city, where
he offered thanksgiving and paid his vows to the gods and heroes to whom
he owed his victory. Songs were composed expressly for the occasion by
the greatest poets of the age, and sung by choirs of youths and maidens
before the temples or before his house. His exploits were recorded on
pillars of stone, and his statue was set up in some public place, or
even in the sanctuary of the gods, to serve as an incentive to
posterity. He received, too, more substantial rewards. We have seen how
Solon granted considerable sums of money to the victors in the great
games, and we may be sure that the example of Athens was followed by
other states. At Athens and elsewhere the victor had the privilege of a
front seat at all public festivals, and sometimes, too, the right of
free meals in the Prytaneum. At a later time he was exempted from
taxation. At Sparta, which seems to have stood somewhat aloof from the
athletic movement, he was rewarded characteristically with the right of
fighting in battle next to the king and defending his person. In the
rich cities of the West the adulation of the victor, at a somewhat later
date, took the most extravagant forms. Exaenetus of Agrigentum, who won
the foot-race at Olympia in Ol. 92, was drawn into the city in a
four-horse chariot, attended by three hundred of the chief citizens,
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