[Footnote 106: W.W. Tarn, _Journal of Hellenic Studies_, XXII (1902), pp. 268 _ff._, and _Antigonus Gonatas_, frontispiece; Gardner, P., _Numismatic Chronicle_ (1887), p. 177.] [Footnote 107: _Encyclopedia Britannica_^11, _s. v._ _Hellenism_ (Bevan).] [Footnote 108: _Syr._ 57; cf. Droysen, _Gesch. d. Hellenismus_^2, III, 2, pp. 254 _ff._] [Footnote 109: XII, 2, 3, p. 535. Rostowzew, _Studien zur Geschichte des römischen Kolonates_, pp. 269 _ff._] [Footnote 110: Butler, _Publications of an American Expedition to Syria_, II (1903), pp. 121 _ff._, 177; cf. Rostowzew, _op. cit._, p. 254.] [Footnote 111: Dittenberger, _Orientis Græcæ Inscriptiones Selectæ_, 262, 502.] [Footnote 112: Buckler and Robinson, _Greek Inscriptions from Sardis_. (_American Journal of Archæology_, XVI, 1912, pp. 11 _ff._)] [Footnote 113: Calder, _Classical Review_, XXVII (1913), pp. 9 _ff._] [Footnote 114: Kärst, _Gesch. des hellen. Zeitalters_, II, I, pp. 419 _ff._ Bouché-Leclercq's treatment of this subject (_Hist. des Séleucides_, pp. 469 _ff._), is inadequate.] [Footnote 115: _Hellenistic Athens_, pp. 303 _ff._] VII THE EMPIRE OF THE ANTIGONIDS Of the Hellenistic empires the one from which Rome suffered most and learned least was that of the Antigonids in Macedon and Greece. We say "Macedon and Greece": the kings of Macedon from Philip II to Perseus said "Hellas"; for they never ceased to claim that Macedon was a part of Hellas--_the_ part of Hellas which had earned by the achievements of Philip II and Alexander the right of hegemony for its kings. It was an imperial nation for which its king, nobles, and commons had an intense loyalty and pride, but which stood in their thinking to Hellas as Virginia did to the United States in the _ante-bellum_ days, or as Prussia does to Germany, rather than as Austria does to the Austro-Hungarian empire.