Cleon, on empire of Athens, 23 _f._ Cleopatra, the Great, 152; and Antony, 153 _f._ Cleruchies, 30. Cleruchs, in Egypt, 173 _ff._; position of, 175 _f._; Egyptianized, 180 _f._; in Seleucid empire, 201. Clisthenes, 51. Comana, in Cappadocia, sacred city of Ma at, 197 _f._, in Pontus, 198. Commerce, in Athens, 12. Committee of Public Safety, 28, 30. Competition, in Athens, 58 _f._ Constantine, the Great, and deification of rulers, 36. Constitutions, ancestral, 96 _f._ Cos, battle of, 159, 229. Council of the Five Hundred, constitution and powers of, 51 _ff._ Crown lands, in Seleucid realm, how disposed of, 204. Culture, origin of, in cities, 7 _ff._ Cyclades, lost to Egypt, 160. _See_ League. Cynocephalæ, battle of, 188. Cyrene, 229, 231. Dardanians, invade Macedon, 241. Deification of rulers, 35 _f._, 127 _ff._, 131 _ff._, 139 _ff._; real motive of, 145 _f._; in Egypt, 164 _ff._; legalized absolutism, 165; in Asia, 205, 208; attitude of Antigonus Gonatas toward, 225 _f._ Delos, prices at, fixed in Alexandria, 170. Demetrius II, protects Epirus, 234; war of, with leagues, 240 _f._; death of, 241. Demetrius Poliorcetes, deification of, 145; expectations of, 183 _f._; career of, 219 _f._; monarchy of, 220 _f._; king of Macedon, 221 _f._ Demetrius the Fair, king of Cyrene, 229; murder of, 231. Democracy, in Athens, connection of, with empire, 41 _f._; principles of, 45 _ff._; safeguards of, 50; rôle of experts in, 58; not self-indulgent, 68 _ff._; and mediocrity, 73 _f._; failure of, at Athens attributed to Sophists, 77 _f._; hated by Plato, 102. Demosthenes, on Philip of Macedon, 118. Divine right of kings, 3. Ecclesia, constitution of, at Athens, 49; powers of, 50 _f._; freedom of discussion in, 53 _f._; assembly of experts, 57; functions of, 57; _agon_ of statesmen, 58. Education, the vice of the Socratic school, 98. Egypt, seized by Alexander, 126; decay of, 180 _f._; empire of, 234. Egyptians, view of Alexander as to, 135; ruled over by Ptolemies, 168; owned by the Ptolemies, 169; hatred of, for Ptolemies, 170; use of, in military service, 170 _f._; admitted to Ptolemaic army, 180 _f._; to civil service, 181. Emperor, defined, 3 _f._ Empire, defined, 1 _ff._; of Rome, 4; legally impossible, 25; how secured, 38; of Athens, criticism of, 70 _ff._; of Ptolemies, reasons for, 160 _ff._ Ephorate, compared with Roman tribunate, 83 _f._