1. Schömann-Lipsius. _Griechische Altertümer_,^4 I (1892), pp. 197 _ff._ 2. Bury, J.B. _A History of Greece to the Death of Alexander the Great_ (1900). 3. Meyer, Eduard. _Geschichte des Altertums_, V (1902). 4. Niese, B. _Neue Beiträge zur Geschichte und Landeskunde Lakedämons: Die lakedämonischen Periöken._ In _Nachrichten der Gött. Gesell. d. Wissenschaften_ (1906), pp. 101 _ff._ 5. Arnim, Hans von. _Die politischen Theorien des Altertums_ (1910). 6. Gomperz, Th. _Greek Thinkers_, III (1905), IV (1912). FOOTNOTES: [Footnote 34: Schürer, _Geschichte des jüdischen Volkes im Zeitalter Jesu Christi_, I^3 (1901), pp. 236 _f._ See notes.] [Footnote 35: 1 Macc. XII, 11.] [Footnote 36: _Geschichte des Altertums, II^1_ (1893), pp. 562 _f_.] [Footnote 37: Dickins, _Journal of Hellenic Studies_, XXXII (1912), p. 12.] [Footnote 38: Schoemann-Lipsius, _Griechische Alterthümer_,^4 1 (1897), pp. 261 _ff_.] [Footnote 39: See particularly Niese, _op. cit._ in Select Bibliography at end of chapter.] [Footnote 40: Beloch, _Griechische Geschichte_, I (1893), pp. 439 _ff_.] [Footnote 41: III, 3, 4 _ff._] [Footnote 42: The successive tyrannies in Syracuse and the empires of Syracuse over the West Greeks have been omitted of necessity in this book. They have been examined with particular care by Freeman in his _History of Sicily_ and with particular sympathy by Beloch in his _Griechische Geschichte_.] [Footnote 43: Xenophon, _Hellenica_, IV, 2, 11 _ff._] [Footnote 44: _Laws_, v, p. 730. (The translation used here and elsewhere in the book is that of Jowett.)] [Footnote 45: For what is here omitted see the excellent little book by von Arnim, _Die politischen Theorien des Altertums_.] [Footnote 46: _Laws_, II, p. 664.] [Footnote 47: _Laws_, II, p. 662.] [Footnote 48: VII, p. 806.] [Footnote 49: _Laws_, III, p. 700. The same initial cause of degeneracy is postulated in Plato's _Republic_, VIII, p. 546.] [Footnote 50: _Greek Literature_ (The Columbia University Press, 1912), p. 11.] [Footnote 51: _Laws_, VIII, p. 831.] [Footnote 52: _Republic_, II, p. 372 _b_.] [Footnote 53: _Politics_, II, 3 (6), 3, p. 1265 _a_. (The translation used here and elsewhere in the book is that of Welldon: the text that of Immisch.)] [Footnote 54: Bury, J.B., _The Ancient Greek Historians_, pp. 182 _ff._] [Footnote 55: _Politics_, II, 2 (5), 10, p. 1264 _a_.] [Footnote 56: VII (IV), 6 (7), 1, p. 1327 _b_.] [Footnote 57: _Politics_, IV (VI), 10 (12), 1, p. 1296 _b_.] IV ALEXANDER THE GREAT AND WORLD MONARCHY Alexander the Great was born in 356 B.C. His mother, Olympias, was a half-civilized Molossian princess whose fresh beauty, revealed at a wild religious fête on mystic Samothrace, had caught the roving fancy of Philip of Macedon. Their union had the further attraction to Philip that it might bring Epirus under his suzerainty.