Greek drama (Tragedy) -- History and criticism; Mythology, Greek, in literature
But not only does religion as a radiant emotion setting a glow around
“the hill of Cynthus” and the “circling mere” mark the play. Euripides
here, as so often, treats religion intellectually as well as emotionally.
By the lips of Orestes he passes judgment upon Olympian religion as a
guide of conduct. Taking the story of Æschylus, he acts not as a lesser
unbeliever would have acted; he does not dub the reconciliation of the
_Eumenides_ a delusion. With a studiously bungling air he explains
that one section of the Furies was appeased, and the other not.[622]
If the manner of this revision is delightfully impudent, the intention
is deadly. Orestes has been sent away by the Delphian priests to _do_
something, to seek and undergo, if possible, a physiological effect
simply through the excitement of a far journey. We are very near to
the “long holiday and change of air”. The Furies exist nowhere but in
his own brain. On the Athenian Areopagus he went through a climax of
hallucination. Surrounded by stray animals,[623] he saw in imagination
all the tremendous events imagined by Æschylus as objective reality. His
mind only partly cleared by this paroxysm, he fled back to Delphi for
complete healing. The “oracle” sent him to the remotest region known to
Greeks, to a land, moreover, where the natives are wont to murder all
strangers. Phœbus is ashamed of his “former responses” and seeks to be
rid of his too obedient, too persistent devotee.[624] Such is the opinion
of Orestes himself when at last in the “toils,”[625] and the whole
work (with an exception presently to be noticed) is pervaded by this
unflinching rationalism. The pious herdsmen who see marine deities in the
Greek visitors are laughed to scorn by a companion who, though dubbed “a
fool reckless and irreverent,”[626] is entirely justified. Iphigenia’s
reflections[627] on the human sacrifices of the Tauri lead her to acquit
the goddess of “such folly” and to attribute this practice to ferocious
savages who make gods in their own image. At one point indeed simple
faith is justified. Orestes when faced by death is comforted by his
friend: “The god’s oracle hath not yet destroyed thee, close as thou dost
stand to slaughter”.[628] In a moment Orestes is free from peril at the
priestess’ hands. But no one, least of all Euripides, expects even the
“gods” to blunder always. Finally, the ode on Apollo’s conquest of Delphi
is a delicate but pungent satire: the “oracle” is a magnificent trade
connexion.[629]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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