Greek drama (Tragedy) -- History and criticism; Mythology, Greek, in literature
This song of the Bacchantes, like that of the Persians, expresses both
excitement and confidence; both are magnificent, and the _metre_ is the
same. But the difference is unmistakable; it lies in the _rhythm_. In
Æschylus the practically unvaried rhythm and the gorgeous language give
to such a passage as πολύχειρ καὶ πολυναύτας Σύριόν θ’ ἅρμα διώκων an
almost intolerable weight and austere pomp. Euripides, by use of the
doubly-lengthened syllable, by varying the extent of his cola, and by
the irrationality of the penultimate foot, has, within the limits of the
same metre, produced a sense of exotic beauty and urgency, a thrill of
wildness as well as of awe.
(_g_) _Choriambics._—These consist of –⏑⏑–. Anacrusis is not found:—
δεινὰ μὲν οὖν, δεινὰ ταράσσει σοφὸς οἰωνοθέτας
οὔτε δοκοῦντ’ οὔτ’ ἀποφάσκονθ’· ὅτι λέξω δ’ ἀπορῶ (_Œd. Tyr._,
483 _sq._).
–⏑⏑–|–⏑⏑–‖–⏑⏑–|–⏑⏑–‖
–⏑⏑–|–⏑⏑–‖–⏑⏑–|–⏑⏑–‖
This measure expresses great agitation and perplexity. In the passage
just cited they pass into ionics, which indicate a gradual comparative
calming of mind. For example, the antistrophe reads:—
ἀλλ’ ὁ μὲν οὖν Ζεὺς ὅ τ’ Ἀπόλλων συνετοὶ καὶ τὰ βροτῶν
εἰδότες· ἀνδρῶν δ’ ὅτι μάντις πλέον ἢ ’γω φέρεται
κρίσις οὐκ ἔστιν ἀληθής· σοφίᾳ δ’ ἂν σοφίαν
παραμείψειεν ἀνήρ.
–⏑⏑–|–⏑⏑–‖–⏑⏑–|–⏑⏑–‖
–⏑⏑–|–⏑⏑–‖–⏑⏑–|–⏑⏑–‖
⏑⏑⁝– –⏑⏑|– –⏑⏑‖– –⏑⏑|⏘ꞈ̄‖
⏑⏑⁝– –⏑⏑|⏘ꞈ̄‖.
The late Rupert Brooke left some exquisite _Experiments_ in this metre,
_e.g._:—
Ah! Not now, when desire burns, and the wind calls, and the suns of
spring
Light-foot dance in the woods, whisper of life, woo me to wayfaring.
That is—
⏗⏗|–⏑⏑–|–⏑⏑–‖–⏑⏑–|⏗⏗‖
(_h_) _Dochmiacs._—It is convenient to discuss these here, though the
dochmius is not a foot, but a colon. The rule both of metre and music
is that all feet or bars should have the same time-value; a trochaic
colon may contain ⏗ or ᷋⏑ as well as –⏑, but not –⏑⏑. Dochmiacs are
generally regarded as an exception to this rule. The dochmius is a colon
of which the simplest form[888] is ⏑– –⏑–, to be divided ⏑⁝– –⏑|–ꞈ||,
_e.g._ κακορρημόνων. The dochmius is always catalectic, but the anacrusis
of one serves to complete the trochee of the preceding colon:—
φανήτω μόρων ὁ κάλλιστ’ ἐμῶν
ἐμοὶ τερμίαν ἄγων ἁμέραν (_Antigone_, 1329 _sq._).
⏑⁝– –⏑|–⏑‖– –⏑|–ꞈ‖.
But this simplest form is not the most frequent, and a considerable
sequence is rare. Resolution of one or more long syllables is very
common. The favourite form is ⏑⁝⏑⏑–⏑|–ꞈ‖:—
περίβαλον γάρ οἱ πτεροφόρον δέμας (_Agamemnon_, 1147).
⏑⁝⏑⏑–⏑|–⏑‖⏑⏑–⏑|–ꞈ‖
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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