The treaty here alluded to was signed at Camp Holmes, August 24, 1835. If Colonel Mason was present it was in a subordinate capacity, as General Arbuckle and Montford Stokes were the federal commissioners. The treaty was one of peace and friendship between the Comanche, Wichita, and associated bands on the one part, and the tribes recently removed to the vicinity--Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, etc.--on the other, the government commissioners acting as mediators.--ED. [77] Auguste Pierre Chouteau, eldest son of the senior Pierre (for whom see our volume xvi, p. 275, note 127) and brother of Pierre (cadet), so well known in connection with the Missouri Fur Company, was born at St. Louis in 1786. After being educated at West Point, he entered the army, where he was ensign of the 1st infantry. In 1809, he resigned, married his cousin Sophie Labadie, and embarked in the fur trade, in which he had charge of the Arkansas branch of the business until his death at Fort Gibson.--ED. [78] Most of the prairie Indians seem to have learned this Spanish word, by which, when talking with the whites, all their chiefs are designated.--GREGG. [79] Some of these (principally Kiawas, as I afterwards learned), reached Fort Gibson, and received a handsome reward of government presents for their visit.--GREGG. [80] For this stream, see our volume xvi, p. 138, note 66.--ED. [81] In Oklahoma, probably not far from the present town of that name.--ED. [82] See our volume xix, p. 176, note 13 (Gregg).--ED. CHAPTER XVIII {II} Travelling out of our Latitude -- The Buffalo-gnat -- A Kiawa and Squaw -- Indian _crim. con._ Affair -- Extraordinary Mark of Confidence in the White Man -- A Conflagration -- An Espy Shower -- Region of Gypsum -- Our Latitude -- A Lilliputian Forest -- A Party of Comanches -- A Visit to a 'Dog Town' -- Indian Archery -- Arrival of Comanche Warriors -- A 'Big Talk,' and its Results -- Speech of the _Capitan Mayor_ -- Project of bringing Comanche Chiefs to Washington -- Return of Lieut. Bowman, and our March resumed -- Melancholy Reflections -- Another Indian Visit -- Mexican Captives -- Voluntary Captivity -- A sprightly Mexican Lad -- Purchase of a Captive -- Comanche Trade and Etiquette -- Indians least dangerous to such as trade with them. As it now appeared that we had been forced at least two points north of the course we had originally intended to steer, by the northern bearing of the Canadian, we made an effort to cross a ridge of timber to the south, which, after considerable labor, proved successful. Here we found a [Pg115] multitude of gravelly, bright-flowing streams, with rich bottoms, lined all along with stately white oak, black-walnut, mulberry, and other similar growths, that yielded us excellent materials for wagon repairs, of which the route from Missouri, after passing Council Grove, is absolutely in want.