[254] Grose gives two plates of these “Ancient Gun Carts” in his “Military Antiquities,” i. 407. They are mentioned in the Acts of the Scotch Parliament, 52 of James II. and 55 of James III. [255] Favé, _Hist. et Tact. des Troit Armes_, p. 12. Grewenitz, _Traité de l’Organ., &c., de l’Artillerie_, p. 28. Wheeled gun-carriages were so little known to the general public as late as 1548, that Rabelais specially mentions some “pieces d’Artillerie sus roue” in his account of a sham fight at Rome in this year. “La Sciomachie,” in his works, ed. by Burgaud des Marets and Rathery, ii. 568. [256] Elliot, iv. 100. [257] Elliot, iv. 117. [258] iv. 65. [259] “Nullis bombardis nec aliis hujus generis tormentis utuntur.” _Epist. Indicæ_, M. Gaapari Belgæ, p. 38. [260] iv. 69. [261] “Hũa espingarda a quai hia tirando amte nos.” Roteiro da Viagem, &c., 1838, p. 57. Trans. in Charton, _Voyageurs Anciens_, &c., iii. 247. [262] “Tous armés d’épées, de guisarmes, d’écus, d’arcs et de flèches.” Charton, ib., 252. Guisarmes, which I have translated by “daggers,” is a word of obscure origin, but it means some small _arme de main_. We find in Ducange, under _gisarma_, “cultellos et alia arma minuta.” Diez, _Etymologisches Wörterbuch_, ii. 217, _giusarma_. [263] Faria y Sousa, trans. by Capt J. Stephens, 1695, i. 58. [264] Faria y Sousa, _Asia Portuguesa_, i. 48. [265] “Car les peuples de l’Inde n’avaient en jusque là ni canons ni autres pièce d’Artillerie—مدافع صكاحل وبندقيات.” _La Foudre du Yemen_, trans. by S. de Sacy in _Notices el Extraits des MSS. de l’Acad. des Inscriptions, &c._, iv. 420. For _mukáhal_, see Hyde’s _Syntagma Dissertationum_, 1767, ii. 128. Prof. S. Lane-Poole gives the date as 1508; “Mediæval India,” p. 176. [266] Ziau-d Din Barni, in Elliot, iii. 146. [267] Amir Khusru, ib., 75. [268] Barni, ib., 202. [269] Khusru, ib., 80. [270] “Malfuzat-i Timuri,” ib., 424. [271] “Tuzak-i Babari,” ib., iv. 276. [272] Ib., 286. [273] Ib., 251 _ff._ [274] Suraj Prakas, in Col. Tod’s “Annals of Rajast’han,” ii. 8. [275] Ib., i. 310. [276] Dr. Careri in Churchill’s “Collection of Voyages,” 1744, iv. 237. [277] Elliot, v. 131-2. Babar’s ironical description of the Bengalis as gunners is taken quite seriously by some writers: “The Bengalis are famous for their skill in Artillery.... They do not direct their fire against a particular point, but discharge at random,” Elliot, iv. 285. Such a procedure is not altogether unknown in Europe. When shooting, Mr. Tracy Tupman was wont to shut his eyes firmly and fire in the air. Were these gunners friendly Bengalis employed by Babar, or hostile Bengalis working their own guns? If the latter, their guns were probably made by Portuguese deserters. We know that two artisans deserted in 1503 to the Zamorin of Calicut, for whom they offered to make guns of the same nature as the Portuguese, “which they afterwards did.” Castenheda in Kerr’s “Collection of Voyages,” ii. 454, quoted in Elliot, vi. 467.