Persia, late in adopting firearms, 116 Peshawur, battle near (1008), 94 Petroleum mentioned in Anglo-Saxon work (_cir._ A.D. 900), 82 “Piber til Granater,” early Danish time-fuzes, 237 Pien-king, siege of (1232), 130 Pikes, fire, at the siege of Bristol (1643), 169 Placentia, attack on (A.D. 69), 217 Platæa, siege of (429 B.C.), 29 Pont Audemer, taking of (1449), 173 Porcelain, dates of, forged by Chinese, 125 Portfires (_cir._ 1700), 229 Pressure on bore, comparative, with different projectiles, 206 —— gauge, Rodman’s, 195 Printing press, invention of, 113 Projectiles for cannon, nature of earliest, 199 Pype, early time-fuze called a, 237 Quicklime, Pliny on, 39 Rain, autumnal, in _Liber Ignium_, 77 Ramming home serpentine powder, on, 181 Rantambhor, attacks on (1290 and 1300), 119 Rāy, Professor, on the Sukraniti, 110 Ribaudequin, 207 “Richard Cœr-de-Lion,” metrical romance (1272-1307), 50 Robins’ ballistic pendulum, 194 Rockets at Leipsig (1813), 176 —— Chinese, 135 —— Marcus Græcus’ (_rec._ 13, 32, 33), 62, 67 —— Tipu Sultan’s, 174 Rodman’s pressure gauge, 195 Roman candles, Chinese, 132 —— Marcus Græcus’ (_rec._ 12), 61 Romerentin, Greek fire at (1356), 51 Rose (_Arabic_), for igniting shell, 231 Round, one, comparative cost of, with different balls (_cir._ 1375), 205 Sal coctus, 13 —— Indicus, 15 Salonika, siege of (904), 40 Saltpetre, approximate date of discovery of, 28 —— Indian, price of (1580), 187 —— modes of refining:— Hassan er-Rammah’s, 24 Marcus Græcus’, 23 Friar Bacon’s, 25 Waltham Abbey’s, 18 Whitehorne’s, 20 Sauverchala (_Sanskrit_), meaning of, 16 Sea-fire, composition of, 41 —— unknown to Westerns, 41, 84 Seringapatam, rockets at (1792, 1799), 174 Shahnama, mention of incendiaries in, 96 Shatagni (_Sanskrit_), meaning of, 105 Shell, common, first use of, 227 —— —— number of pieces into which it broke, 210 Shell-fire from guns (1779), 208 Shot (cannon), hot (1579), 217 Shrapnel’s fuzes indifferent, 213-14, 242 —— mode of cutting short fuzes, 242 Shrapnel shell, experiments with (1819), 242 —— principles of, 211, 213 Siang-yang-fu, siege of (1269-73), 133 Sieves for coming powder, 190 Silver, fulminate of, 245 Sincérité, Accent de, 126 Siphon (_Greek_), meaning of, 46 —— two kinds of, 43 Slur-bow, 168 Smith, Captain G., R.A., on shell fire, 241 Sora (_Indian colloquial_), meaning of, 16 Spanish words, &c., in _Liber Ignium_, 81 Spell, Indian, to ensure victory, 107 Steganogram, Friar Bacon’s, suggested solution of, 151 Stirling, siege of (1304), Greek fire at, 50 Stone, best, for round shot, 205 Stone-bow, a golail, 93 “Stone which is not a stone,” 151 Stow on shell (1543), 225 Strada, Father, on bombshells, 226 Struphnos, Admiral, sale of naval stores by (1200), 53