Gutenberg, and the Art of PrintingPearson, Emily C. (Emily Clemens)
History
Gutenberg, and the Art of Printing
Pearson, Emily C. (Emily Clemens)
Gutenberg, Johann, 1397?-1468
“Our journal of this day presents to the public the practical result
of the greatest improvement connected with the practice of printing
since the discovery of the art itself. The reader of this paragraph
now holds in his hand one of the many thousand impressions of the
‘Times’ newspaper which were taken off last night by a mechanical
apparatus. A system of machinery almost organic has been devised and
arranged, which, while it relieves the human mind and frame of its
most laborious efforts in printing, far exceeds all human powers in
rapidity and dispatch. That the magnitude of the invention may be
justly estimated by its results, we shall inform the public, that after
the letters are placed by the compositor, and inclosed in what is
called the form, little remains for man to do save to attend upon and
watch this unconscious agent in its operations. The machine is then
merely supplied with paper; itself places the form, inks it, adjusts
the paper to the form newly inked, stamps the sheet, and gives it forth
to the hands of the attendant; at the same time withdrawing the form
for a fresh coat of ink, which itself again distributes, to meet the
ensuing sheet now advancing for impression; and the whole of these
complicated acts is performed with such a velocity and simultaneousness
of movement, that no less than 1,100 sheets are impressed in one hour.”
The line of success was inaugurated; and ten years later, the same
paper says, “In consequence of successive improvements suggested and
planned by Mr. Hoenig, the inventor, our machines now print 2,000 per
hour with more ease than 1,100 in their original state.”
By successive improvements made in this machine by Messrs. Applegath
& Cowper, at length, in 1852, it could produce 11,000 impressions per
hour.
Isaac Adams, of Boston, succeeded in making hand-presses work by
power, and issued patents of different machines in 1830 and in 1836.
The capacity of working slow for fine work, or rapidly for newspaper
printing, characterized these presses, and made them favorites with
printers.
It was reserved for an American, Richard M. Hoe, of New York, to
make the first successful type-revolving press. After several costly
unsuccessful attempts, in 1847 he produced a perfect machine, on the
cylinder of which the types are held by friction, between beveled
column-rules. This is styled the Lightning Press, and is in use
throughout the world, where rapid printing is required.
Recently a new press, the Bullock, is spoken of as entering the lists
with the Lightning Press. “It feeds itself from a roll of paper,
cutting it into sheets, which are printed on both sides, and delivered
in an even pile.” Its future success or failure must decide its place
in history.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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