The proper place to read of it is, as I said, the second volume of the
_Morphology_. This volume has to give an account of the evolution of
organic forms. What is given rather casually, almost Socratically, in
Darwin is now developed into a number of strict laws. This method of
expounding more or less hypothetical, new, and insecure ideas in the
form of laws has since been frequently attacked. Some have been led by
it to take the ideas as so many dogmas, and even to learn the laws by
heart as if they were texts in Scripture. Others have then laid the
blame of this dogmatic interpretation on Haeckel himself. It is quite
true that there was the possibility of a misunderstanding. People do not
always think for themselves, and the statement of a proposition in the
form of a law may prove a pitfall for them. The blind learning of them
by heart is always mischievous. On the other hand, it might be urged
that the statement of the ideas in this bald way affords the best
opportunity for a thorough and rational criticism of them, precisely
because they give such pregnant expression to the writer’s meaning. I do
not find that order and strict logical definitions have ever done any
harm of themselves, whatever it is that is put in order and defined. On
the contrary. People must confuse order sometimes with real dogmatism.
Of this there is not a word in the whole book, while at an important
juncture the reader is actually warned to be on his guard against undue
pressure. “In this,” we read in the twentieth chapter, “we do not wish
to draw up a body of laws of organic morphology, but to give hints and
suggestions for drawing them up. A science that is yet only in its
cradle, like the morphology of organisms, will have many important
changes to undergo before it can venture to claim for its general
propositions the rank of absolute and unexceptionable natural laws.”
However that may be, it was in this provisional definition of laws that
the famous biogenetic law first took shape, and with it a spirit entered
into Darwinism in the narrower sense that was never again detached from
its master, Haeckel.
Let us once more take a simple illustration from facts. Take a green
aquatic frog and a fish, say a pike.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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