Half Hours With Modern Scientists: Lectures and EssaysTyndall, John
Philosophy
Half Hours With Modern Scientists: Lectures and Essays
Tyndall, John
Science
present faculties end the series—that the process of amelioration
stops at him. A time may therefore come when this ultra-scientific
region by which we are now enfolded may offer itself to terrestrial,
if not to human investigation. Two-thirds of the rays emitted by the
sun fail to arouse in the eye the sense of vision. The rays exist,
but the visual organ requisite for their translation into light does
not exist. And so from this region of darkness and mystery which
surrounds us, rays may now be darting which require but the
development of the proper intellectual organs to translate them into
knowledge as far surpassing ours as ours does that of the wallowing
reptiles which once held possession of this planet. Meanwhile the
mystery is not without its uses. It certainly may be made a power in
the human soul; but it is a power which has feeling, not knowledge,
for its base. It may be, and will be, and we hope is turned to
account, both in steadying and strengthening the intellect, and in
rescuing man from that littleness to which, in the struggle for
existence or for precedence in the world, he is continually prone.
II.
On Haze and Dust.
Solar light in passing through a dark room reveals its track by
illuminating the dust floating in the air. “The sun,” says Daniel
Culverwell, “discovers atomes, though they be invisible by
candle-light, and makes them dance naked in his beams.”
In my researches on the decomposition of vapors by light, I was
compelled to remove these “atomes” and this dust. It was essential
that the space containing the vapors should embrace no visible
thing; that no substance capable of scattering the light in the
slightest sensible degree should, at the outset of an experiment, be
found in the “experimental tube” traversed by the luminous beam.
For a long time I was troubled by the appearance there of floating
dust, which, though invisible in diffuse daylight, was at once
revealed by a powerfully condensed beam. Two tubes were placed in
succession in the path of the dust: the one containing fragments of
glass wetted with concentrated sulphuric acid; the other, fragments
of marble wetted with a strong solution of caustic potash. To my
astonishment it passed through both. The air of the Royal
Institution, sent through these tubes at a rate sufficiently slow to
dry it and to remove its carbonic acid, carried into the
experimental tube a considerable amount of mechanically-suspended
matter, which was illuminated when the beam passed through the tube.
The effect was substantially the same when the air was permitted to
bubble through the liquid acid and through the solution of potash.
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