Half Hours With Modern Scientists: Lectures and EssaysTyndall, John
Philosophy
Half Hours With Modern Scientists: Lectures and Essays
Tyndall, John
Science
From their perviousness to stellar light, and other considerations,
Sir John Herschel drew some startling conclusions regarding the
density and weight of comets. You know that these extraordinary and
mysterious bodies sometimes throw out tails 100,000,000 of miles in
length, and 50,000 miles in diameter. The diameter of our earth is
8,000 miles. Both it and the sky, and a good portion of space beyond
the sky, would certainly be included in a sphere 10,000 miles
across. Let us fill this sphere with cometary matter, and make it
our unit of measure. An easy calculation informs us that to produce
a comet’s tail of the size just mentioned, about 300,000 such
measures would have to be emptied into space. Now suppose the whole
of this stuff to be swept together, and suitably compressed, what do
you suppose its volume would be? Sir John Herschel would probably
tell you that the whole mass might be carted away at a single effort
by one of your dray-horses. In fact, I do not know that he would
require more than a small fraction of a horse-power to remove the
cometary dust. After this you will hardly regard as monstrous a
notion I have sometimes entertained concerning the quantity of
matter in our sky. Suppose a shell, then, to surround the earth at a
hight above the surface which would place it beyond the grosser
matter that hangs in the lower regions of the air—say at the hight
of the Matterhorn or Mont Blanc. Outside this shell we have the deep
blue firmament. Let the atmospheric space beyond the shell be swept
clean, and let the sky matter be properly gathered up. What is its
probable amount? I have sometimes thought that a lady’s portmanteau
would contain it all. I have thought that even a gentleman’s
portmanteau—possibly his snuff-box—might take it in. And whether the
actual sky be capable of this amount of condensation or not, I
entertain no doubt that a sky quite as vast as ours, and as good in
appearance, could be formed from a quantity of matter which might be
held in the hollow of the hand.
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