Half hours with the lower animals : $b protozoans, sponges, corals, shells, insects, and crustaceansHolder, Charles Frederick
Science
Half hours with the lower animals : $b protozoans, sponges, corals, shells, insects, and crustaceans
Holder, Charles Frederick
Animals; Invertebrates
By partly destroying a web and suspending a black cloth behind the
locality, the operations of the spider in building and repairing can be
plainly seen. It is well to place the spinnerets beneath a microscope,
under which they appear to be made up of many points. Touch one of
these and a glutinous secretion adheres, which when stretched is seen
to be silk, and each point provides a separate thread which joins with
the others, producing one cable. The spinnerets are to some extent
movable. They can be turned to the right or left, and wherever they
touch, the silk remains glued fast. This explains why the spider moves
and works so quickly and accomplishes so much. The amount of silk
secreted is astonishing, and some idea of it can be obtained by walking
over the country in spring, early in the morning. On the slopes of the
Sierra Madre, in the San Gabriel Valley, I have seen the surface of the
ground for a great distance covered with webs which caught the rays of
the sun as it rose, presenting a most beautiful appearance. This fabric
covered hundreds of acres in a fairy maze of web, so many traps for
unwary small fry of the insect world. With a small stick I have wound a
large amount of silk from the spinnerets of a spider, there apparently
being no diminution of the supply. Professor Burt Wilder wound from
the large spider known as Nephila plumipes several miles of silk. Some
spiders have long, slender legs and are rapid runners. Others, as
Salticus, are very deliberate, but powerful leapers, jumping upon their
prey like a cat. Perhaps the most remarkable leaping spider is one from
Australia, called the flying Attus, having singular flaps or winglike
extensions upon its sides. One of the spiders not only runs over the
surface of the water readily, but spends a part of its time under the
surface, carrying down a bubble of air for its supply of oxygen, the
bubble acting as a diving bell.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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