Hallowed Heritage: The Life of VirginiaTorpey, Dorothy Margaret
History
Hallowed Heritage: The Life of Virginia
Torpey, Dorothy Margaret
Virginia -- Civilization
Like the Constitution of the United States, the Virginia
Constitution is divided into major areas called articles and into
subdivisions called sections. There are seventeen articles and
two hundred and one sections. The following topics found in the
articles indicate the broad range of subjects included: the Bill of
Rights, Elective Franchise and Qualifications for Office, Division
of Powers, Legislative Department, Executive Department, Judiciary
Department, Organization and Government of Counties, Organization
and Government of Cities and Towns, Education and Public
Instruction, Agriculture and Immigration, Public Welfare and Penal
Institutions, Corporations, Taxation and Finance, Miscellaneous
Provisions--Homestead and Other Exemptions, Future Changes in the
Constitution, Rules of Construction, and Voting Qualification of
Armed Forces.
_The Virginia Bill of Rights_
Article I is the Bill of Rights. Such rights are prefaced by an
introductory paragraph in the article which states that this
series of rights form the backbone of the governmental structure
in Virginia: "A declaration of rights made by the good people of
Virginia in the exercise of their sovereign powers, which rights
do pertain to them and to their posterity, as the basis and
foundation of government." The famous Declaration of Rights which
follows the introductory paragraph was written by George Mason and
introduced at the Williamsburg Convention by Archibald Cary. It was
unanimously adopted by the convention members on June 12, 1776, and
its principles were considered so significant that they were later
used as the basis for the Bill of Rights in the Constitution of the
United States as well as for many other state bills of rights. The
importance attached to these provisions has resulted in the Virginia
Bill of Rights often being called the "Magna Charta of Virginia."
In seventeen different sections, the Virginia Bill of Rights
guarantees various underlying principles of government:
(1) "That all men are by nature equally free and independent and
have certain inherent rights, of which, when they enter into a
state of society, they cannot, by any compact, deprive or divest
their posterity, namely, the enjoyment of life and liberty, with
the means of acquiring and possessing property, and pursuing
and obtaining happiness and safety"--Thus, freedom and equality
of every individual is recognized, and one's rights of life,
of liberty, of owning property and of achieving happiness and
safety are guaranteed.
(2) "That all power is vested in, and consequently derived
from, the people; that magistrates are their trustees and
servants, and at all times amenable to them"--Thus, a principle
of democracy is expressed that the right to rule comes from the
people themselves and that office-holders are representatives of
the people and are responsible to the people.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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