The =Light Field-artillery Gun=.--Calibre, 3.4 in.; weight, 8.6 cwt.; muzzle velocity, 1450 ft.-sec.; common shell, 14 lbs.; shrapnel with bursting-charge in base, 15 lbs. Weights behind the teams same as in horse-artillery. Ammunition per gun with battery, 150 rounds. The =Heavy Field-artillery Gun=.--Calibre, 4.2 in.; weight, 12 cwt.; muzzle velocity, 1223 ft.-sec.; common shell, 25.9 lbs.; shrapnel, 27.5 lbs. Weights behind the teams, including detachments: gun, 4268 lbs.; caisson, 4686. Ammunition per gun with battery, 108 rounds. Horse-batteries consist of 6 guns, field-batteries generally of 8 guns, 24 carriages to each battery of 6 guns. Russia has 5 regiments, 4 batteries each, of field-mortar batteries. Calibre of piece, 6 in.; weight of shell, 60 lbs. Each battery consists of 6 mortars, 18 carriages, and 6 carts. ITALY. =Horse-and Light Field-artillery Gun.=--Calibre, 2.75 in.; weight, 5.8 cwt.; muzzle velocity, 1400 ft.-sec.; common shell, 9.4 lbs.; shrapnel with bursting-charge in base, 9.8 lbs. Weights behind the teams: gun, 3498 lbs.; caisson, 3650 lbs. No detachments are carried. Ammunition per gun with battery: common shell, 24; shrapnel, 112; canister, 6; total, 142 rounds. =Heavy Field-artillery Gun.=--Calibre, 3.5 in.; weight, 9.2 cwt.; muzzle velocity, 1480 ft.-sec.; common shell, 14.7 lbs.; shrapnel, 15.3 lbs. Weights behind the teams, including detachments carried: gun, 4268 lbs.; caisson, 4686 lbs. Ammunition per gun with battery: common shell, 28; shrapnel, 96; canister, 6; total, 130 rounds. All batteries have 6 guns and 15 carriages, viz., 6 gun-carriages, 6 caissons, 1 forge, 1 baggage-wagon, 1 forage-wagon. GREAT BRITAIN. =The 9-pdr. and 13-pdr. M. L. Guns.=--Horse and light artillery are being replaced by the 12-pdr. B. L., the weight behind teams of horse-artillery being a little less than that of field-artillery. Calibre of 12-pdr. B. L., 3.0 in.; weight of piece, 784 lbs.; muzzle velocity, 1710 ft.-sec.; common shell and shrapnel, 12½ lbs. Weight behind teams: guns, 3684 lbs.; caissons, 3796 lbs. Ammunition per gun with battery: common shell, 20; shrapnel, 80; canister, 8; total, 108. Besides these there are 2 star-shell per gun. All batteries have 6 guns and 19 carriages all told. CHAPTER IV. Wheel. Carriage. Limber. Caisson. Battery-wagon and Forge. Artillery-wagon. Harness. Water-cart. Revolvers. Hunting-knife. THE ARCHIBALD WHEEL. Diameter 57¾ inches. Width of tire 2¾ " Weight of wheel 200 lbs. The nave-box (_a_) is made of aluminum-bronze. It fits over the axle-arm (_c_) and has groove for lubricant, as indicated. The nave (_b_) of malleable iron. The spokes, 16 in number (_s_), are made of oak or hickory. [Illustration: FIG. 56.] The felloes, 8 in number, are made of oak or hickory.