NORTH AFRICAN RELAPSING FEVER OF MAN--The type of human relapsing fever to be met with in Algeria, Tunis, and Tripoli, is due to a _Spirochæta_ to which does not differ morphologically from _Spirochæta duttoni_, but which has been separated on biological grounds as _Spirochæta berberi_. Experimenting with this type of disease in Algeria, Sergent and Foly (1910), twice succeeded in transmitting it from man to monkeys by inoculation of crushed body lice and in two cases obtained infection of human subjects who had received infected lice under their clothing and who slept under coverings harboring many of the lice which had fed upon a patient. Their results were negative with _Argas persicus_, _Cimex lectularius_, _Musca domestica_, _Hæmatopinus spinulosus_ and _Ceratophyllus fasciatus_. They found body lice associated with every case of relapsing fever which they found in Algeria. Nicolle, Blaizot, and Conseil (1912) showed that the louse did not transmit the parasite by its bite. Two or three hours after it has fed on a patient, the spirochætes begin to break up and finally they disappear, so that after a day, repeated examinations fail to reveal them. They persist, nevertheless, in some unknown form, for if the observations are continued they reappear in eight to twelve days. These new forms are virulent, for a monkey was infected by inoculating a single crushed louse which had fed on infected blood fifteen days before. Natural infection is indirect. Those attacked by the insect scratch, and in this act they excoriate the skin, crush the lice and contaminate their fingers. The least abrasion of the skin serves for the entrance of the spirochætes. Even the contact of the soiled fingers on the various mucosa, such as the conjunctive of the eye, is sufficient. As in the case of _Spirochæta duttoni_, the organism is transmitted hereditarily in the arthropod vector. The progeny of lice which have fed on infected blood may themselves be infective. SPIROCHÆTOSIS OF FOWLS--One of the best known of the spirochætes transmitted by arthropods is _Spirochæta gallinarum_, the cause of a very fatal disease of domestic fowls in widely separated regions of the world. According to Nuttall, it occurs in Southeastern Europe, Asia, Africa, South America and Australia.