By the term _Middle Ages_, represented by the female figure which comes next in the decoration, is usually understood the epoch beginning with the dissolution of the Western Roman Empire in 455 and ending with the discovery of America in 1492. No single country is here indicated, for Europe was throughout that period in a state of flux, so to say, in the movement of which the principal modern languages were finally evolved from the Latin and Teutonic tongues. But it was an epoch notable for many other things, also. The figure typifying the epoch is distinguished by an expression at once grave and passionate, and has a sword, casque and cuirass, emblematic of the great institution of Chivalry; a model of a cathedral, standing for Gothic Architecture, which was brought to its greatest perfection in these thousand years; and a papal tiara and the keys of St. Peter, signifying mediæval devotion and the power of the Church. [Illustration: SECTION OF THE DOME DECORATION.--BY EDWIN H. BLASHFIELD.] The next figure, _Italy_--the Italy of the Renaissance--is shown with symbols of four of the Fine Arts which she represents--Painting, Sculpture, Architecture, and Music. She holds a palette in her left hand, and with the brush in her right seems about to lay another stroke of color on her canvas. To her left is a statuette after Michael Angelo’s celebrated _David_, in Florence. At her feet is a Renaissance capital; and leaning against the wall a violin, at once the typical musical instrument and that in the manufacture of which the Italians peculiarly excelled. _Germany_ is the printer, turning from his press--a hand-press, accurately copied from early models--to examine the proof-sheet he has just pulled. His right foot is placed upon a pile of sheets already corrected, and a roller for inking lies convenient to his hand. _Spain_ is the sixteenth century Spanish adventurer. He wears a steel morion on his head, and is clad in a leathern jerkin. Holding the tiller of a ship in his right hand, he seems to be watching for land to appear in the sea. Beside him is a globe of the earth, and at his feet a model of a caravel, the sort of ship in which Columbus sailed on his voyages, is introduced. _England_ wears the ruff and full sleeves of the time of Elizabeth--the era when English Literature, both poetry and prose, was at its highest. She is crowned with laurel--the reward of literature--and bears in her lap an open book of Shakespeare’s Plays--the right-hand page with a facsimile of the title-page of the first edition of _A Midsummer Night’s Dream_, dated 1600. [Illustration: SECTION OF THE DOME DECORATION.--BY EDWIN H. BLASHFIELD.]