=Bark.=--On old trees light brown and roughish on the trunk, separating into small scales curling up on one side; large limbs light-colored, smoothish, often conspicuously marked with coarse horizontal blotches and leaf-scars; season's shoots light brown, smooth, silvery dotted. =Winter Buds and Leaves.=--Terminal bud 1 inch long, lateral 1/2 inch, appressed, brownish, scythe-shaped, acute, more or less glutinous. Leaves pinnately compound, alternate, stems grooved and reddish above, enlarged at base; stipules deciduous; leaflets 7-15, the odd one stalked, 1-3 inches long, 1/2-1 inch wide, bright green above, paler beneath, smooth, mostly ovate-oblong, serrate above the base; apex rounded or more usually tapering suddenly to a short point, or rarely acuminate; base inequilateral. =Inflorescence.=--In broad, compound cymes at the ends of the branches; flowers white and rather larger than those of _P. Americanus_; calyx 5-lobed; petals 5, ovate, short-clawed; stamens numerous; pistil 3-styled. =Fruit.=--In broad cymes; berries bright red, roundish, rather larger than those of _P. Americana_, holding on till winter. =Horticultural Value.=--Hardy in New England, though of shrub-like proportions in the southern sections; grows in exposed situations inland, and along the seashore. The dwarf habit, graceful foliage, and showy fruit give it an especial value in artificial plantations; but it is seldom for sale in nurseries and only occasionally by collectors. It is readily transplanted and is propagated by seed. =Note.=--In the European mountain ash, _P. aucuparia_, the leaves have a blunter apex than is usually found in either of the American species, and have a more decided tendency to double serration. [Illustration: PLATE LVIII.--Pyrus sambucifolia.] 1. Winter buds. 2. Flowering branch. 3. Flower with part of perianth and stamens removed. 4. Fruiting branch. =Pyrus communis, L.= PEAR TREE. The common pear, introduced from Europe; a frequent escape from cultivation throughout New England and elsewhere; becomes scraggly and shrubby in a wild state. =Pyrus Malus, L.= _Malus Malus, Britton_. APPLE TREE. The common apple; introduced from Europe; a more or less frequent escape wherever extensively cultivated, like the pear showing a tendency in a wild state to reversion. =Amelanchier Canadensis, Medic.= SHADBUSH. JUNE-BERRY. =Habitat and Range.=--Dry, open woods, hillsides. Newfoundland and Nova Scotia to Lake Superior. New England,--throughout. South to the Gulf of Mexico; west to Minnesota, Kansas, and Louisiana. =Habit.=--Shrub or small tree, 10-25 feet high, with a trunk diameter of 6-10 inches, reaching sometimes a height of 40 feet and trunk diameter of 18 inches; head rather wide-spreading, slender-branched, open; conspicuous in early spring, while other trees are yet naked, by its profuse display of loose spreading clusters of white flowers, and the delicate tints of the silky opening foliage.