[13] See Chrysander. We shall speak later on of the work of Steffani and its relation to Handel. [14] The volume of his published works comprises 12 cantatas for orchestra, soli, and chorus, and a _capella_ (unaccompanied) Mass, a chamber work (trio for flute, bassoon, and continuo), 8 preludes, fugues, fantasias, capriccios for clavecin or organ, and 44 choral variations. [15] Compare the Tenor air _O du werter Freudengeist_ (p. 71) and accompaniment, and _ritornello_ of the _violini unisoni_ in the 4th cantata _Ruhe, Friede, Freud und Wonne_ with the air of Polyphemus in Handel's _Acis and Galatea_; compare also the subject in the Bass air of the 8th cantata (p. 189) with the well-known instrumental piece which Handel used for the Symphony in the Second Act of _Hercules_; also the Tenor solo with horn, _Kommt jauchzet_ (p. 181) in the 8th cantata: _Lobe den Herrn, meine Seele_ with the soprano air in _The Messiah_. One also finds in the cantata _Ruhe, Friede_ (p. 83) the sketch for the famous chorus of the destruction of the walls of Jericho in _Joshua_. [16] _Ruhe, Friede_, p. 122. [17] _Ibid._, pp. 113, 183. [18] _Ibid._, pp. 110, 141, 254, 263. [19] _Ibid._ 8th Cantata. _Lobe den Herrn, meine Seele_, p. 166, the German _Hallelujah_ with its fine flow of jubilant vocalizing--especially on page 192, the great final chorus. [20] See his pretty trio for flute, bassoon and clavier (p. 313). It is a small work in 4 movements (1. _Affettuoso_; 2. _Vivace_; 3. _Adagio_; 4. _Allegro_), where clear Italian grace mixes itself so happily with German _Gemüth_. The orchestra for the cantatas seldom includes anything but the strings with the organ or the clavier. But in general the palette of Zachau is very rich, comprising violas, violetti, violoncello, harps, oboes, flutes, hunting horns, bassoons and bassonetti, and even clarini (high trumpets) and drums (Cantata: _Vom Himmel kam der Engel Schar_). Zachau amuses himself by combining the tone-colours of the different instruments with those of the voices in the solo airs; thus a Tenor air is accompanied by a violoncello solo; another by two hunting horns; an air for the Bass is combined, with the bassoon _obbligato_; another with 4 drums and trumpets; a Soprano air with the bassoon and 2 bassonetti; without mentioning innumerable airs with oboes or flutes. Thanks to Zachau, Handel was familiarized at an early date with the orchestra. He learnt at his house how to play all the instruments, especially the oboe, for which he has written many charming numbers. When he was ten years old he wrote some Trios for 2 oboes and bass. An English nobleman travelling in Germany found a little collection of 6 Trios (Sammlung dreistimmiger Sonaten für Zwei Oboen und Bass, sechs Stück) dating from this period (Volume 28 of the Complete Handel Edition). [21] See his beautiful air for bass in the Cantata _Lobe den Herrn_, p. 164.