For mixing paints, the figures given in Table XIV represent the average proportions of materials required for each 100 pounds of lead. TABLE XIV QUANTITIES OF MATERIALS ========+======+=========+===========+========== Coat | Lead | Raw Oil |Japan Drier|Turpentine |Pounds| Gallons | Gallon | Gallons --------+------+---------+-----------+---------- Priming | 100 | 7 | ½ | -- Second | 100 | 4 | -- | 2 Third | 100 | 6½-7 | -- | ½ ========+======+=========+===========+========== The drier is omitted in the second and succeeding coats, unless the work is to be dried very rapidly, as it is considered to be injurious to the durability of the paint. On outside work, boiled oil is generally used in about the proportion of 1 gallon to 2 gallons of raw oil. =105. Care in Painting.=—In painting woodwork, putty should not be used until after the first coat of paint or varnish has been applied. There are two reasons for this. In the first place, if putty is used on dry wood, the wood is liable to absorb the oil from the putty and leave it in a dry and crumbly condition. Then, also, the oil from the putty soaking into the wood will stain the wood dark, and this stain may be seen through varnish. For this latter reason, putty should be put in cracks and holes with a putty knife and not with the fingers, as otherwise the oil from the putty will get over the fingers and thus be transferred to the woodwork, where it will show as a dark stain if the wood is varnished. Due care should also be taken in painting woodwork that has knots in it, as otherwise the turpentine in the knot will be sure to discolor the paint in course of time. To avoid this, the knots should be coated, or _killed_, with a coat of shellac before the first coat of paint is applied. The shellac prevents the turpentine in the knot from soaking through and discoloring the paint. =106. Cost of Painting.=—The cost of applying paint on general interior and exterior work will average about twice the cost of the materials, while for very plain work, done in one color, the cost may be taken at about 1½ times that of the materials. For stippling, the cost will be about the same as for two coats of paint. For varnishing, the cost of labor will be about 1½ times the price of the varnish. The following figures represent fair average prices, for various classes of work, and have been adopted by the Builders’ Exchange of a large eastern city: COST PER SQUARE YARD INTERIOR WORK CENTS