“The ‹first category› includes the products of the soil, which belong to this first generation in its character of usufructuary, as having been increased, refined, or manufactured by its labour, by its industry. These products, whether raw or manufactured, consist either of objects of consumption or of instruments of labour. It is clear that these products belong, ‹in entire and legitimate property›, to those who have created them by their activity. Each of them, then, has «RIGHT», either to consume these products immediately, to store them up to be disposed of afterwards at pleasure, or to employ them, exchange them, give them away, or transmit them to any one he chooses, without receiving authority from anyone. On this hypothesis, this Property is evidently ‹Legitimate›, respectable, sacred. We cannot assail it without assailing ‹Justice›, ‹Right›, ‹individual liberty›,—without, in short, being guilty of Spoliation. “‹Second category.› But the creations attributable to the industrious activity of this first generation are not all included in the preceding category. This generation has created not only the products which we have just described (objects of consumption and instruments of labour),—it has also added an ‹additional value› to the ‹primitive value› of the soil, by cultivation, by erections, by the permanent improvements which it has executed. “This additional value constitutes evidently a product, a value, due to the activity of the first generation. Now, if by any means (we are not concerned at present with the question of means),—if by any means whatever the property of this additional value is equitably distributed among the different members of society, that is to say, is distributed among them proportionally to the co-operation of each in its creation, each will possess ‹legitimately› the portion which has fallen to him. He may, then, dispose of this individual Property, legitimate as he sees it to be, exchange it, give it away, or transmit it without control, society having over these values no right or power whatsoever. [p258] “We may, therefore, easily conceive that when the second generation makes its appearance, it will find upon the land two sorts of Capital: “1st, The ‹primitive or natural capital›, which has not been created by the men of the first generation—that is, the ‹value› of the land in its rough, uncultivated state. “2d, The ‹capital created› by the first generation: including (1), the ‹products›, commodities, and instruments, which shall not have been consumed or used by the first generation; (2), the additional value which the labour of the first generation has added to the value of the rough, uncultivated land.