Harvard Psychological Studies, Volume 1: Containing Sixteen Experimental Investigations from the Harvard Psychological Laboratory.
Science
Harvard Psychological Studies, Volume 1: Containing Sixteen Experimental Investigations from the Harvard Psychological Laboratory.
Psychology, Experimental
Ratio of Beat-interval Value in Seconds of Average Interval,
to Group-interval. 5/12 3/12 2/12
1.000: 1.400 3.5 5.3 9.0
1.000: 1.000 4.0 5.4 9.6
1.000: 0.714 5.2 8.4 10.8
The quantitative relations presented by these figures are consistent
throughout. For every rate of speed the average rhythmic group is
smallest when the interval separating the successive groups is at its
maximum; it is largest when this interval is at its minimum; while in
each case a median value is presented by the relation of uniformity
among the intervals. In the second as well as the first of the ratios
included in the foregoing table the interval which separates adjacent
groups is felt to be distinctly longer than that internal to the
group; in the third the relative durations of the two intervals are
those which support psychological uniformity. In the latter case, in
consequence of the freer passage from group to group, the continuity
of the rhythmical series is more perfectly preserved than in the
former, and the integration of its elements into higher syntheses more
extended.
The extension of the numerical limits of the rhythm group in
subjective rhythm which appear in consequence of progressive
acceleration in the rate of succession is given for a series of six
different values of the separating intervals in the following table,
the figures of which represent the average for six observers:
TABLE V.
HIGHEST UNITS WHICH APPEAR.
Value of interval in secs.: 12/12 7/12 5/12 3/12 2/12 1/12
No. of el's in rhythm group: 2.5 3.0 4.0 7.0 9.0 11.0
Average duration of group: 2.500 1.750 1.666 1.750 1.500 0.917
SIMPLE UNITS.
No. of els. in simplest group: 2.5 2.3 2.9 3.7 4.7 5.0
Duration of simplest group: 2.50 1.34 1.21 0.92 0.78 0.41
The rate of increase here presented in the number of elements is not
sufficiently rapid to counterbalance the acceleration of speed and
maintain a constancy in the duration of the group. The greatest value
of this period is coördinated with the slowest rate of succession, the
lowest with the most rapid. As the speed increases, the duration of
the rhythmic unit is shortened. Its average duration for all rates
here included is 1.680 sec., or, without the first of the series
(one-second intervals, at which only two of the observers received the
impression of rhythm), 1.516 sec. These values are not for the
simplest combinations, but for the highest synthetical unit which was
immediately apprehended in the series of stimulations. This
compounding becomes more pronounced as the rate of succession is
accelerated, but even at intervals of 5/12 and 7/12 sec. it is the
characteristic mode of apprehension.
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