Besides the length of the heart-beats there are invariably these
four quantities which must be determined by the analysis of the
pulse curves: Amount of incoming blood, amount of outflowing blood,
elasticity of the artery, and friction of the tissues. These quantities
depend on the action of the heart, the peripheral resistance, and the
state of innervation of the artery. It is not possible to discuss here
the bearing of this theory and of the facts which may be connected with
it, on the different views of the localization and operation of the
centres which control these functions. Anatomical and physiological
evidence, however, leaves no doubt that the function of the heart and
the innervation of the arteries and capillaries _are_ under the control
of nervous centres. It may be supposed, therefore, that changes of
the pulse curve like those due to the influence of feelings are the
effect of the function of these centres. It is to be expected that the
detailed analysis of the pulse curves may give some indications as to
the nature of this influence, for it may be observed how the function
of these centres changes under the influence of mental processes.
A complete analysis of the physiological accompaniments of a
feeling process must give a description of the changes in the
function of the heart and the system, besides a description or at
least enumeration of the other changes which can be observed. By
a number of such investigations material for a general theory of
physiological accompaniments of feelings may be obtained, which
would not be void of interest for the psychology of feelings. Such
a theory must contain the answers to the following questions: (1)
How do the physiological reactions depend on the sense-stimulus? (2)
How many possible circulatory reactions are there? (3) What is the
location and interdependence of the respective physiological centres?
The first question cannot so far be answered in general, but it
will be possible to give a general answer when a greater number of
systematic investigations on the effect of sense-stimuli have been
carried on. Papers like those of Mentz may settle the question for
certain sense-stimuli. From the results which have been obtained so
far it comes out clearly that the reaction does not depend merely
on the nature of the stimulus, but that it depends largely on the
psychical and physiological state of the subject. The answer to the
second question may be given readily, but it seems advisable to give
it in connection with an experimental investigation. It may be said,
nevertheless, that the number of typical reactions is rather limited.
The third problem, by its nature, cannot be definitely answered before
the location of the respective centres is ascertained and their
interdependence explained.
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