Harvesting Ants and Trap-Door Spiders: Notes and Observations on Their Habits and DwellingsMoggridge, John Traherne
Science
Harvesting Ants and Trap-Door Spiders: Notes and Observations on Their Habits and Dwellings
Moggridge, John Traherne
Ants; Trap-door spiders
Next day, after a night of very heavy rain, I found the doors as I
had left them, but in one nest the lip of the tube had been dragged
inwards so as partially to close the tube; in the second nothing
appeared to have been done, but in the third nest a new covering had
been very cleverly extemporized out of three fallen olive-leaves,
which were loosely spun together and attached by one or two threads
to the margin of the tube. This formed an admirable concealment,
but did not move freely as a door, the web being too imperfect. Two
days later, however, it was completed and had become a perfect door,
moving on a hinge just within and below that of the former door,
which still remained as I had fastened it. The other nests remained
in the same condition as before, only that a little moss had been
dragged into the mouth of the tube of the nest, which had been
partially closed with its own lip.
The extreme reluctance which these spiders show to abandon their
dwellings is curiously exemplified by what follows.
Certain nests which were furnished with two doors of the cork type
were observed by Mr. S. S. Saunders[82] in the Ionian Islands.
The door at the surface of these nests was normal in position and
structure, but the lower one was placed at the very bottom of the
nest and inverted, so that, though apparently intended to open
downwards, it was permanently closed by the surrounding earth. The
presence of a carefully constructed door in a situation which forbade
the possibility of its ever being opened seemed, indeed, something
difficult to account for. However, it occurred to Mr. Saunders that,
as these nests were found in the cultivated ground round the roots
of olive-trees, they may occasionally have got turned topsy-turvy
when the soil was broken up. The spider then, finding her door buried
below in the ground and the bottom of the tube at the surface, would
have either to seek new quarters or to adapt the nest to its altered
position, and make an opening and door at the exposed end. In order
to try whether one of these spiders would do this Mr. Saunders placed
a nest, with its occupant inside, upside down in a flower-pot.
After the lapse of ten days a new door was made, exactly as he had
conjectured it would be, and the nest presented two doors like those
which he had found at first.
[Footnote 82: Description of a species of Mygale from Ionia in Trans.
of Ent. Soc. (London, 1839), III. p. 160.]
There is a specimen of one of these inverted nests, with its two
doors, in the British Museum, and this might easily be supposed, at
first sight, to be an example of a new kind of double-door nest. On
close inspection, however, it will be seen that one of the two doors
is discoloured and partly decayed, this being, no doubt, the one
which had been buried beneath in the earth and so rendered useless.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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