Harvesting Ants and Trap-Door Spiders: Notes and Observations on Their Habits and DwellingsMoggridge, John Traherne
Science
Harvesting Ants and Trap-Door Spiders: Notes and Observations on Their Habits and Dwellings
Moggridge, John Traherne
Ants; Trap-door spiders
[Footnote 93: Note sur la demeure d'une araignée maçonne de
l'Amérique du Sud. Annales des Sciences Naturelles (Zoologie), tom.
vii. tab. 3, p. 227-231.]
I have also been assured that nests of the cork type are found in
many parts of India, and we have seen above that they are reported to
be common in the island of Formosa.
Putting all this together, it will be seen that nests of this type
are found all round the globe; in Formosa, India, Syria, the Grecian
Archipelago, Italy, and the adjacent islands, Trieste, South France,
Spain, Morocco, New Granada, and Australia; while the single-door
wafer nest is only known at present in the West India islands;[94]
the branched double-door nest at Mentone, Cannes, and Pegli near
Genoa, and [doubtfully] near Naples and in Ischia; and the unbranched
double-door type at Mentone and Cannes alone. It is quite probable
that these three latter forms of nest will some day be found to
have a much wider range than that assigned to them here, but I can
scarcely think it likely that they will ever be shown to claim the
world-wide distribution of the cork type. Supposing that these nests
are eventually discovered in many widely distant localities, a very
interesting question will arise as to the specific characters of
the spiders which inhabit and construct them. Shall we then find,
for example, that nests of the unbranched double-door type are not
tenanted and fabricated by _Nemesia Eleanora_ alone, as we have
hitherto found to be the case, but by many other distinct species
also, each in its peculiar district?
[Footnote 94: There is a nest exhibited in the Museum collection at
the Jardin des Plantes at Paris, marked "Amérique du Sud," which is
perhaps of this type.]
That is to say, will the type of nest remain the same while the
occupants vary, as in the cork nests?
If, on the other hand, we learn that these three types, the
single-door wafer, the branched and unbranched double-door nests, are
very local, we shall be led to inquire into the probable causes of
this limitation.
But we must study much more closely the habits of these trap-door
spiders, and the difficulties and dangers to which they are exposed,
if we wish to appreciate fully the true meaning and intention of
the structure of their nests, and to find the clue to the difficult
question why one type should be more frequently adopted than another.
Above all, we must discover what are their enemies, and how and when
they are most exposed to them. M. de Walckenaer gives an entertaining
account[95] of the enemies to which spiders generally are exposed,
and of this the following list is an abstract.
[Footnote 95: Histoire des Insectes Aptères (Suites à Buffon), vol.
i. p. 172-7.]
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