Harvey's Views on the Use of the Circulation of the BloodCurtis, John Green
History
Harvey's Views on the Use of the Circulation of the Blood
Curtis, John Green
Blood -- Circulation; Harvey, William, 1578-1657
So Harvey denies the doctrine falsely based upon Aristotle's words,
the doctrine of the ethereal nature of the innate heat; but he
affirms and adopts as his own the Aristotelian distinction between
the heat which is sterile and the heat which gives life. This
weighty affirmation obliges us who study Harvey to examine this
impressive distinction further.[381]
Aristotle says, we remember: "The heat in animals is not fire and
does not take its origin from fire." We remember also that Harvey
says: "I, too, would say the same, for my part, of the innate heat
and the blood, to wit: that it is not fire and does not take its
origin from fire." This doctrine is based by both Aristotle and
Harvey upon observation; and Aristotle's argument is contained in
the passage which Harvey quotes, a passage obscure in the Latin
and rugged in the Greek. Briefly, Aristotle's argument is this:
Observation shows that fire is sterile, but that the heat of the sun
is generative and the heat of animals likewise; therefore, the heat
of animals is not fire. Harvey declares that this same conclusion
"is taught excellently well" by his observations also--by which he
does not expressly say. That Aristotle, in drawing the distinction
aforesaid between the heat of fire and the heat of the sun, was
playing at hide and seek with a great truth of biology, would soon
be apparent to whosoever should take a flourishing green plant from
a window warmed by sunshine and try to make the same plant flourish
in a dark room warmed by a hidden fire.
At this point let us scan further the words of Aristotle which
Harvey has quoted.[337] Aristotle says:[318]--
"For there exists in the semen of all [animals] that which
makes their semen generative, the so-called heat. Yet this is
not fire, nor any such power, but the spirits[319] included
in the semen and in foaminess, and in the spirits the nature
which is analogous to the element of the stars.[320] Wherefore
fire generates no animal, nor does anything [animal] appear in
process of formation in that, whether moist or dry, which is
undergoing the action of fire;[321] whereas the heat of the sun
and that of animals--not only that [which acts] through the
semen,[322] but also, should there occur some excretion of a
different nature[323]--even this, too, possesses a life-giving
principle. It is patent, then, from such [facts] as these that
the heat in animals is not fire and does not take its origin
from fire."[324]
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