Let judges know with whom and before whom they judge, and who it is that will one day exact account of their judgments; for it is said (Ps. lxxxii. 1), "God standeth in the assembly of God, and judgeth with the judges." _Sanhedrin_, fol. 6, col. 2. A judge who does not judge justly causeth the Shechinah to depart from Israel; for it is said (Ps. xii. 5), "For the oppression of the poor, the sighing of the needy, now will I depart, saith the Lord." _Sanhedrin_, fol. 7, col. 1. The judge should ever regard himself as if he had a sword laid upon his thigh, and Gehenna were yawning near him; as it is said (Solomon's Song, iii. 7, 8), "Behold the bed of Solomon (the judgment-seat of God), threescore valiant men are about it, of the valiant of Israel. They all hold swords, being expert in war (with injustice). Every one has his sword upon his thigh, for fear of the night" (the confusion that would follow). _Yevamoth_, fol. 109, col. 2; _Sanhedrin_, fol. 7, col. 1. Seven have, in the popular regard, no portion in the world to come: a notary, a schoolmaster, the best of doctors, a judge in his native place, a conjuror, a congregational reader, and a butcher. _Avoth d' Rabbi Nathan_, chap. 36. WITNESSES. An ignoramus is ineligible for a witness. The following are ineligible as witnesses of the appearance of the new moon:--Dice-players, usurers, pigeon-fliers, sellers of the produce of the year of release, and slaves. This is the general rule; in any case in which women are inadmissible as witnesses, they also are inadmissible here. _Rosh Hashanah_, fol. 22, col. 1. Two disciples of the wise happened to be shipwrecked with Rabbi Yossi ben Simaii, and the Rabbi allowed their widows to re-marry on the testimony of women. Even the testimony of a hundred women is only equal to the evidence of one man (and that only in a case like the foregoing; it is inadmissible in any other matter). _Yevamoth_, fol. 115, col. 1. "Whosoever is not instructed in Scripture, in the Mishna, and in good manners," says Rabbi Yochanan, "is not qualified to act as a witness." "He who eats in the street," say the Rabbis, "is like a dog;" and some add that such a one is ineligible as a witness, and Rav Iddi bar Avin says the Halachah is as "some say." _Kiddushin_, fol. 40, col. 2. Even when a witness is paid, his testimony is not thereby invalidated. _Kiddushin_, fol. 58, col. 2. Testimony that is invalidated in part is invalidated entirely. _Bava Kama_, fol, 73, col. 1. Let witnesses know with whom and before whom they bear testimony, and who will one day call them to account; for it is said (Deut. xix. 17), "Both the men between whom the controversy is shall stand before the Lord." _Sanhedrin_, fol. 6, col. 2. Those that eat another thing (i.e., not pork, but those who receive charity from a Gentile.--Rashi and Tosefoth) are disqualified from being witnesses. When is this the case? When done publicly; but if in secret, not so. Ibid., fol. 26, col. 2.