4. At first they received evidence of the new moon during the whole
(thirtieth) day; but once the witnesses delayed coming, and the Levites
erred in the chant. They decreed, that they should receive evidence only
till the time of the evening sacrifice; and if witnesses came after the
evening sacrifice, that and the next day were kept holy. After the
destruction of the Sanctuary Rabban Jochanan, son of Zacai, decreed, “that
they should receive evidence of the new moon during the whole day.” R.
Joshua, son of Korcha, says, “and again Rabban Jochanan, son of Zacai,
decreed that wherever the chief of the Sanhedrin might be, the witnesses
need only go to the place of its meeting.”
5. The order of blessings to be said on the New Year is, “The
Fathers,”(310) and “The Mighty,” and “Sanctification of the Name,” and
there are comprehended the “Kingdoms” without blowing the trumpet; “The
Holiness of the Day,” and he blows; “The Remembrances,” and he blows; “The
Trumpets,” and he blows. And he says, “The Service,” “The Confession,” and
“Blessing of the Priests.” The words of R. Jochanan, son of Nourri. Said
R. Akivah to him, “if the trumpet be not blown after ‘The Kingdoms,’ why
are they mentioned?” But the order is, “The Fathers,” and “The Mighty,”
and “Sanctification of the Name,” and there are comprehended “The
Kingdoms,” with sanctification of the Day, and he blows; “The
Remembrances,” and he blows; “The Trumpets,” and he blows. And he says,
“The Service,” “The Confession,” and “Blessing of the Priests.”
6. They cannot read less than ten (texts of Scripture) relating to “The
Kingdom,” ten relating to “Remembrances,” and ten to “Trumpets.”(311) R.
Jochanan, son of Nourri, says, “if three be read from all of them, the
duty is fulfilled, but they mention not the remembrance of the kingdom,
and trumpet of vengeance.(312) They must begin with the Law and end with
the Prophets.” R. José says, “if they end with the Law, the duty is
fulfilled.”
7. (The minister of the congregation) must go over to the reading-desk on
the feast of the New Year. The second minister must blow the trumpet. But
at the hour for the hymn the first must read the hymn.
8. For sounding the trumpet of the New Year they may not transgress the
Sabbatical limit, they may not remove for it a heap of stones, they may
not climb a tree, and they may not ride a beast, or swim over water. Nor
may they cut it(313) with anything that violates the Sabbatical rest, or
violates a negative command. But if one wish he may pour into it water or
wine.(314) They may not prevent children from blowing, but they may
practise in teaching them. But he who practises blowing is not freed from
his obligation, and he who listens to the practice is not freed from his
obligation.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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