2. Every judge who extends examinations is praiseworthy. It happened that the son of Zacchai examined (even) on the stems of figs. And what difference is there between investigations and examinations? In investigations if one say, “I don’t know,” their witness is worthless. In examinations, if one say, “I don’t know,” and even two say, “we don’t know,” their witness stands. Whether in investigations or examinations, when they contradict each other, their witness is worthless. 3. One witness said, “on the second of the month,” and another witness said, “the third of the month.” Their witness stands. Because one knows of the intercalary month, and another does not know of the intercalary month. One said, “on the third,” and another said, “on the fifth”; their witness is worthless. One said, “at the second hour,” and another said, “at the third hour”; their witness stands. One said, “at the third,” and another said, “at the fifth”; their witness is worthless. R. Judah said, “it stands.” One said, “on the fifth,” and another said, “on the seventh”; their witness is worthless, because at the fifth (hour) the sun is in the east, and at the seventh hour the sun is in the west. 4. And afterward they introduce the second (witness) and examine him. If both their statements agree, they open the case with clearing. One of the witnesses says, “I possess information to clear him.” Or one of the disciples of the Sanhedrin says, “I possess information for condemning.” They order him to keep silence. One of the disciples of the Sanhedrin says, “I possess information to clear him.” They bring him up, and seat him between the judges, and he did not go down during the whole day. If there be substantial information, they give him a hearing. And even when he (the accused) says, “I possess information for clearing myself,” the judges give him a hearing; only there must be substantial information in his words.