4. These things of the idolaters are forbidden, and every use of them is strictly forbidden; wine, and vinegar of the heathen which was at first wine, and Hadrian’s mixture(446) with its fragments, and hides of animals with their hearts(447) (torn out). Rabbi Simon, the son of Gamaliel, said, “when the rent is round, it is forbidden, when lengthwise, it is allowed.” “The flesh brought in for idolatry is allowed; but that which is brought out is forbidden, because it is the sacrifice for the dead.” The words of R. Akiba. It is forbidden to do business with those who go to worship the Penates; but with those who return from them it is allowed. “The skin-bottles of the idolaters and their jugs into which Jewish wine is poured, are forbidden, and every use of them is strictly forbidden.” The words of R. Meier. But the Sages say, “every use of them is not forbidden.” “Grape-stones and grape-skins of the idolaters are forbidden, and every use of them is strictly forbidden.” The words of R. Meier. But the Sages say, “when moist, they are forbidden; but when dry, they are allowed.” “Fish-brine and the cheese from Bethuniki,(448) a village of the idolaters, are forbidden, and every use of them strictly forbidden.” The words of R. Meier. But the Sages say, “every use of them is not forbidden.” R. Judah related, that R. Ishmael asked R. Joshua, as they were journeying along the road—he said to him, “why do they forbid the cheese of idolaters?” He replied to him, “because they cause it to ferment with the stomach of a carcass.” R. Ishmael said to him, “and is not the stomach of a burnt-offering of more importance than the stomach of a carcass,” and it was said, “the priest who was so minded supped the milk that was in it,” but the Sages did not agree with him, and they said, “the priests do not use it, and they are not guilty.” He changed the conversation, and said to him, “because they ferment it with the stomach of a calf (devoted) to idolatry.” He said to him, “if so, why do they not forbid it for every use?” He turned to another subject, and said to him, “brother Ishmael, how do you read, ‘For thy love is better than wine,’(449) or ‘For thy love is good’?” He replied to him, “For thy love is good.” He said to him, “it is not so, since the next verse explains it, ‘Because of the savor of thy good ointments.’ ” 5. These things of the idolaters are forbidden, but every use of them is not strictly forbidden; milk which a heathen milked, and an Israelite did not see it. “Their bread and oil?” “Rabbi and his colleagues allowed oil.” But the cookery, and the gravy into which they are wont to put wine and vinegar, and shred thunny fish, and the sauce in which the fish chalbith is not swimming, and the herring, and the essence of assafœtida, and spiced salt, are forbidden; but every use of them is not strictly forbidden.