Hegel's Lectures on the History of Philosophy: Volume 1 (of 3)Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich
Philosophy
Hegel's Lectures on the History of Philosophy: Volume 1 (of 3)
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich
Philosophy -- History
Thus free morality could and necessarily did find a place in Greece,
for the spiritual substance of freedom was here the principle of
morals, laws and constitutions. Because the natural element is,
however, still contained in it, the form taken by the morality of
the state is still affected by what is natural; the states are
small individuals in their natural condition, which could not unite
themselves into one whole. Since the universal does not exist in
independent freedom, that which is spiritual still is limited. In
the Greek world what is potentially and actually eternal is realized
and brought to consciousness through Thought; but in such a way that
subjectivity confronts it in a determination which is still accidental,
because it is still essentially related to what is natural; and in this
we find the reason as promised above, for the fact that in Greece the
few alone are free.
The measureless quality of substance in the East is brought, by
means of the Greek mind, into what is measurable and limited; it
is clearness, aim, limitation of forms, the reduction of what is
measureless, and of infinite splendour and riches, to determinateness
and individuality. The riches of the Greek world consist only of an
infinite quantity of beautiful, lovely and pleasing individualities
in the serenity which pervades all existence; those who are greatest
amongst the Greeks are the individualities, the connoisseurs in art,
poetry, song, science, integrity and virtue. If the serenity of the
Greeks, their beautiful gods, statues, and temples, as well as their
serious work, their institutions and acts, may seem—compared to the
splendour and sublimity, the colossal forms of oriental imagination,
the Egyptian buildings of Eastern kingdoms—to be like child’s play,
this is the case yet more with the thought that comes into existence
here. Such thought puts a limit on this wealth of individualities as on
the oriental greatness, and reduces it into its one simple soul, which,
however, is in itself the first source of the opulence of a higher
ideal world, of the world of Thought.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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