Classical literature; Greece -- History -- Peloponnesian War, 431-404 B.C.; Greece -- History -- Spartan and Theban Supremacies, 404-362 B.C.
Epaminondas advanced with rapid strides; but on reaching Nemea he
slackened speed, hoping to catch the Athenians as they passed,
and reflecting on the magnitude of such an achievement, whether in
stimulating the courage of his own allies, or in plunging his foes into
despondency; since, to state the matter concisely, any blow to Athens
would be a gain to Thebes. But during his pause at Nemea those who
shared the opposite policy had time to converge on Mantinea. Presently
the news reached Epaminondas that the Athenians had abandoned the idea
of marching by land, and were preparing to bring their supports to
Arcadia by sea through Lacedaemon. This being so, he abandoned his base
of Nemea and pushed on to Tegea.
That the strategy of the Theban general was fortunate I will not pretend
to assert, but in the particular combination of prudence and daring
which stamps these exploits, I look upon him as consummate. In the first
place, I cannot but admire the sagacity which led him to form his camp
within the walls of Tegea, where he was in greater security that he
would have been if entrenched outside, and where his future movements
were more completely concealed from the enemy. Again, the means to
collect material and furnish himself with other necessaries were readier
to his hand inside the city; while, thirdly, he was able to keep an eye
on the movements of his opponents marching outside, and to watch their
successful dispositions as well as their mistakes. More than this: in
spite of his sense of superiority to his antagonists, over and over
again, when he saw them gaining some advantage in position, he refused
to be drawn out to attack them. It was only when he saw plainly that no
city was going to give him its adhesion, and that time was slipping by,
that he made up his mind that a blow must be struck, failing which, he
had nothing to expect save a vast ingloriousness, in place of his former
fame. (3) He had ascertained that his antagonists held a strong position
round Mantinea, and that they had sent to fetch Agesilaus and the whole
Lacedaemonian army. He was further aware that Agesilaus had commenced
his advance and was already at Pellene. (4) Accordingly he passed
the word of command (5) to his troops to take their evening meal, put
himself at their head and advanced straight upon Sparta. Had it not been
for the arrival (by some providential chance) of a Cretan, who brought
the news to Agesilaus of the enemy's advance, he would have captured
the city of Sparta like a nest of young birds absolutely bereft of its
natural defenders. As it was, Agesilaus, being forewarned, had time to
return to the city before the Thebans came, and here the Spartans made
distribution of their scanty force and maintained watch and ward, albeit
few enough in numbers, since the whole of their cavalry were away in
Arcadia, and so was their foreign brigade, and so were three out of
their twelve regiments. (6)
(3) Or, "dull obscurity in place of renown."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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