[Footnote 433: _Sp. Cal._, ii., 365; _L. and P._, ii., 1795.] [Footnote 434: _Sp. Cal._, ii., 370.] [Footnote 435: _L. and P._, iii., 1960.] [Footnote 436: _L. and P._, iii., 1884.] [Footnote 437: _Ibid._, iii., 1952, 1960.] [Footnote 438: _Sp. Cal._, ii., 375. It is not quite clear how these votes were recorded, for there were not eighty-one cardinals.] [Footnote 439: _Ibid._, ii., 371.] Neither the expulsion of the French from Milan, nor the election of Charles's tutor as Pope, opened Wolsey's eyes to the danger of (p. 156) further increasing the Emperor's power.[440] He seems rather to have thrown himself into the not very chivalrous design of completing the ruin of the weaker side, and picking up what he could from the spoils. During the winter of 1521-22 he was busily preparing for war, while endeavouring to delay the actual breach till his plans were complete. Francis, convinced of England's hostile intentions, let Albany loose upon Scotland and refused to pay the pensions to Henry and Wolsey. They made these grievances the excuse for a war on which they had long been determined. In March Henry announced that he had taken upon himself the protection of the Netherlands during Charles's impending visit to Spain. Francis asserted that this was a plain declaration of war, and seized the English wine-ships at Bordeaux. But he was determined not to take the formal offensive, and, in May, Clarencieux herald proceeded to France to bid him defiance.[441] In the following month Charles passed through England on his way to the south, and fresh treaties were signed for the invasion of France, for the marriage of Mary and for the extirpation of heresy. At Windsor[442] Wolsey constituted his legatine court to bind the contracting parties by oaths enforced by ecclesiastical censures. He arrogated to himself a function usually reserved for the Pope, and undertook to arbitrate between Charles and Henry if disputes arose about the observance (p. 157) of their engagements. But he obviously found difficulty in raising either money or men; and one of the suggestions at Windsor was that a "dissembled peace" or a two years' truce should be made with France, to give England time for more preparations for war. [Footnote 440: Francis "begged Henry to consider what would happen now that a Pope had been elected entirely at Charles's devotion" (_L. and P._, iii., 1994); but Adrian's attitude was at first independent (_Sp. Cal._, ii., 494, 504, 533). In July, 1522, however, he joined the league against Francis (_ibid._, ii., 574).] [Footnote 441: _L. and P._, iii., 2140, 2224, 2290.]