[Footnote 1136: See for the Scottish war the _Hamilton Papers_, and for the war in France _Spanish Cal._, vol. vii., and _L. and P._, vol. xix., pt. ii. (to December, 1544).] [Footnote 1137: For Charles's motives see the present writer in _Cambridge Modern History_, ii., 245, 246.] His labours were all in vain, and Henry, for the first time in his life was left to face an actual French invasion of England. The horizon seemed clouded at every point. Hertford, indeed, had carried out his instructions in Scotland with signal success. Leith had been burnt and Edinburgh sacked. But, as soon as he left for Boulogne, things went wrong in the North, and, in February, 1545, Evers suffered defeat from the Scots at Ancrum Moor. Now, when Henry was left without an ally, when the Scots were victorious in the North, when France was ready to launch an Armada against the southern coasts of England, now, surely, was the time for a national uprising to depose the bloodthirsty tyrant, the enemy of the Church, the persecutor of his people. Strangely enough his people did, and even desired, nothing of the sort. Popular discontent existed only in the imagination of his enemies; Henry retained to the last his hold over the mind of his people. Never had they been called to pay such a series of loans, subsidies and benevolences; never did they pay them so cheerfully. The King set a royal example by coining his plate and mortgaging his estates at the call of national defence; and, in the summer, he went down in person to Portsmouth to meet the threatened invasion. The French attack had begun on Boulogne, where Norfolk's carelessness had put into their hands some initial advantages. But, before dawn, on the 6th of February, Hertford sallied out of Boulogne with four thousand foot and seven hundred horse. The French commander, Marechal du Biez, and his fourteen thousand men were surprised, and they left their (p. 414) stores, their ammunition and their artillery in the hands of their English foes.[1138] [Footnote 1138: Herbert, ed. 1672, p. 589; Hall, p. 862.]